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Development of Evolutionary Thought

The document summarizes the key developments in evolutionary thought from early concepts like fixity of species to modern understandings of natural selection and processes that drive evolution. It describes important historical figures like Lamarck who first proposed evolutionary change, Cuvier who introduced extinction and catastrophism, Darwin who developed the theory of natural selection, and Wallace who independently proposed natural selection and descent with modification. The document also defines key terms in evolution like natural selection, uniformitarianism, and processes that drive evolutionary change through differential reproduction and inheritance of traits over many generations.

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535 views23 pages

Development of Evolutionary Thought

The document summarizes the key developments in evolutionary thought from early concepts like fixity of species to modern understandings of natural selection and processes that drive evolution. It describes important historical figures like Lamarck who first proposed evolutionary change, Cuvier who introduced extinction and catastrophism, Darwin who developed the theory of natural selection, and Wallace who independently proposed natural selection and descent with modification. The document also defines key terms in evolution like natural selection, uniformitarianism, and processes that drive evolutionary change through differential reproduction and inheritance of traits over many generations.

Uploaded by

Crow Hogan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Development of

Evolutionary Thought
Evolution
A change in the genetic structure of a
population.
Also refers to the appearance of the new
species.
Natural Selection
The most critical mechanism of
evolutionary change, first articulated by
Darwin; refers to genetic change or
changes in the frequencies of certain traits
in population due to differential
reproductive success between individuals.
Fixity of Species
The notion that species, once created, can
never change.
It was believed that the earth is full and
nothing new could be added.
Lamarck

John Baptiste Lamarck was


the first scientist to produce an
explanation for the
evolutionary process.

He believed that species


change was influenced by
environmental change.
Cuvier

 Georges Cuvier
introduced the concept
of extinction and the
theory of
catastrophism.
Catastrophism
The view that the earth’s geological
landscape is the result of violent
cataclysmic events.
Thomas Malthus

Thomas Malthus wrote about


the relationship between food
supply and population
increase.
His essay on the Principle of
Population led both Darwin
and Wallace to the principle of
natural selection.
Charles Lyell

Charles Lyell developed the


theory of uniformitarianism.
Uniformitarianism
• The theory that the earth’s
features are the result of long
term processes that continue to
operate in the present as they
did in the past.
Mary Anning

Discovered the first complete fossil


of Ichthyosaur, a large fishlike
marine reptile.
She became known as one of the
world’s leading “fossilists” and
contributed to the understanding of
the evolution of marine life over
200 million years ago.
Ichthyosaur’s Fossil
Charles Darwin

Darwin saw the importance


of biological variation within
a species.
Recognized the importance
of sexual reproduction in
increasing variation.
Darwin’s Finches

 Beak Variation
Alfred Russell Wallace
(1823-1913)

Suggested that species descended


from other species and new species
were influenced by environmental
factors.
Views on Evolution
Processes of Natural Selection
1. Species can produce offspring at a faster rate than
food supplies increase.
2. There is biological variation within all species.
3. In each generation, more individuals are produced
than can survive.
4. Individuals that possess favorable traits or variations
are more likely to survive and produce offspring.
5. Environmental context determines whether a trait is
beneficial.
6. Traits are inherited and passed on to the next
generation.
7. Variations accumulate over long periods of time, so
later generations may be distinct from ancestral
ones.
8. As populations respond to pressures over time, they
may become distinct species, descended from a
common ancestor.
˜ END ˜
QUIZ
I. Identification
1. It is the most critical mechanism of evolutionary change
that was first articulated by Charles Darwin.
2. It is the change in the genetic structure of a population.
3. He introduced the concept of extinction and the theory of
catastrophism.
4. He suggested that species descended from other species
and new species were influenced by environmental
factors.
5. He was the first scientist to produce an explanation for
the evolutionary process.
II. True or False
6. Fixity of species is the notion that the species can be
changed once created.

7. Thomas Malthus wrote the concept of extinction.

8. Natural selection mean survival of the fittest.

9. Uniformitarianism was developed by Alfred Wallace.

10. Catastrophism is the view that the earth’s geological


landscape is the result of violent cataclysmic events .
11-13. Give 3 scientists that are involve
in explaining the evolutionary
change.

14-15. What is evolution?

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