CGD NETWORK
CGD
City gas distribution is an interconnected network of pipelines
used for the distribution of gas to domestic / commercial/
industrial consumers .
It is in the form of PNG (low pressure distribution network)
and to the automobiles in the form of CNG (high pressure
distribution network).
CGD
The City Gas Distribution system consists of underground
pipeline distribution network inside the city to supply natural
gas to different consumers for varied applications
General Description of CGD
Objective :Delivery of natural gas to different sectors.
City Gate station : Depressurization, metering odorisation.
Pipeline quality natural gas
Leak Management system
Construction & Management activities
CGD
Regulating stations:
Regulating stations contain equipment for pressure regulation and
for quick switching off of gas supply
with associated pipes
Operations & maintenance inspection.
Repair activities.
Training.
CGD- Line Diagram
Transportation Sector
CNG : (compressed natural gas) has a Research Octane
Number in excess of 120. The excellent knock resisting
property of CNG allows for use of a higher compression
ratio resulting in an increased power output and greater fuel
economy when compared to petrol.
CNG can be used in engines with a compression ratio as high
as 12:1 compared to normal gasoline (7.5:1 to 10:1). At this
high compression ratio, natural gas-fuelled engines have
higher thermal efficiencies than those fuelled by gasoline.
Transportation Sector
The fuel efficiency of CNG driven engines is about 10-
20% better than diesel engines.
Pressure of CNG used for vehicles is 250 bars.
Cheapest & Cleanest
Benefits of CNG
Environmental
No impurities, No Sulphur (S), No lead (Pb)
Very low levels of polluting gaseous emissions without smell and dust
Molecular structure compactness prevents the reactive processes which lead
to the formation of Ozone (O3) in the troposphere.
Technical
• Very high antiknock power (more than 120 ON) allows greater
performance compared to petrol one.
• Does not require refining plant or additive adding and can be used
immediately after its extraction.
It has no evaporation leaks and spills of fuel, both during refueling
and feeding of the car.
• Its combustion produces a very low quantity of carbon deposits (permits
a longer life of lubricant oil, spark plug, piston drum, valves & other
components)
Safety
Lighter than air - in case of leak no dangerous puddles
Unlikely to ignite due to:
High ignition temperature
Narrow range of ignition
Lowest injury and death rate per vehicle mile
CNG cylinders structurally most sound and have passed every
severe test
Economy
Cheaper than conventional fuel.
Pay back period is short
Disadvantage
Large storage space required.
Gas Infrastructure.
PNG(Piped Natural Gas)
Main difference between CNG and PNG is; natural gas operated at high
pressure about 250 bar as a vehicular fuel is called CNG ; where as when
the natural gas with same composition is operated at low pressure below 4
bar for domestic , commercial and industrial purposes is known as PNG.
PNG is supplied by using polyethylene pipeline and copper pipelines.
PNG has several distinctions to its credit- of being a pollution-free fuel,
easily accessible minus storage troubles, and being available at very
competitive rates.
Benefits of PNG
Uninterrupted Supply
Unmatched Convenience
Safety
Customer Support
A Versatile Fuel
Environment Friendly
No Daily Liasioning
No Spillage or Pilferage
Billing-No-Upfront Payment
Lower Maintenance Cost
Design of Gas Network
High Pressure Network
Distribution Network
Customer Installations
Gas Network
CGD in India
High Pressure Network
Long Distance
Material- Steel
Number of pipes designed for different pressure range
Transmission- MR – Distribution.
Power Stations, Gas Turbine, Heavy Industries
Distribution Network
MR – Consumer (DRS)
Material- PE
Pressure –Maximum 4 bar.
Domestic- Maximum 100 mbar.
Technical Design of Distribution Network
MR (Measurement & Regulating Station)
Part of high pressure system & point of separating high
pressure system & distributing system.
Pressure, flow, temperature are measured
Line Network
Design
Two Pressure Levels : 4bar & 100 mbar
Low Pressure for family dwelling.
Pipe capacity increase with pressure.
Highest possible safety
Ring Networks.
Pressure Range in CGD
Safety Distance
Densely areas – 2m with protection
Outside densely- 12m without protection.
Pipe Material:
PE for distribution
Steel for transmission.
Jointing of pipes
Large dimensional pipes are not economical
If De=225mm then steel pipelines are used
Jointing of pipes:
Welding
Butt welding
Electro-sleeve welding
Butt Fusion
Corrosion Resistance
PE: No special requirement for corrosion
Steel Pipes
Protective surface coating
Electrochemical protection
Cathodic protection.
District Regulating Stations
Purpose : to reduce pressure form 4 bar to 100mbar.
100 mbar for residential district.
Service Pipes
Connection with individual pipes
ND 25mm.
