Thanks to visit codestin.com
Credit goes to www.scribd.com

Scribd
Upload
187 views19 pages

Protective Relaying and Testing

This document discusses various protective relaying schemes used in power generation and transmission systems. It describes relays that provide protection for generators, including differential, overcurrent, under/over voltage, negative phase sequence, earth fault, and reverse power relays. Protection for transformers is also covered, including restricted earth fault, transformer differential, and overcurrent relays. The annual maintenance and testing of these relays is highlighted. Diagrams illustrate some common generator and transformer protection schemes.

Uploaded by

sherub wangdi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
187 views19 pages

Protective Relaying and Testing

This document discusses various protective relaying schemes used in power generation and transmission systems. It describes relays that provide protection for generators, including differential, overcurrent, under/over voltage, negative phase sequence, earth fault, and reverse power relays. Protection for transformers is also covered, including restricted earth fault, transformer differential, and overcurrent relays. The annual maintenance and testing of these relays is highlighted. Diagrams illustrate some common generator and transformer protection schemes.

Uploaded by

sherub wangdi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

PROTECTIVE

RELAYING AND
TESTING
Rinchen Wangdi
AE, C&P Unit
Relay
 Relays are compact devices that are connected
throughout the power system to detect intolerable
or unwanted conditions within an assigned area.
Protections of Generator
 Over current and earth fault relays
 Over/under voltage relays
 Differential relays
 Impedance relays
 Power relays
 Negative phase sequence relays
 Rotor ground fault relay
Annual Maintenance
 Visual Inspection
 Mechanical Adjustment
 Secondary Injection Test
Generator Differential Protection

Id = Relay Pick up setting


I1
Relay will trip if
I1 – I2 > Id

Gen.
Notes :
87 Under Normal conditions
(when machine is on load)
I1=I2 Id=0, Relay will not trip

I2
Generator Overall Differential Protection

I1
-Biasing circuit (to avoid the CT ratio
error)
Gen.
-2nd Harmonic Current Restraint (to
avoid relay operation during inrush,
87GT where 2nd harmonic quantities are
35MVA
predominant)
Trans.

I2
Stator Earth fault Protection
 Insulation
deterioration may
lead to
 -Inter turn faults
 -Earth fault
 -phase to phase
fault
 Extent of damage
will depend on
the value of If
Rotor Earth Fault Protection
 Rotor inter turn faults
 Rotor Earth fault

(caused by mechanical
and thermal stresses)
 Note: 2nd Rotor earth

fault is risky.
O/V (IDMT & Inst.) Protection (59 & 159)
Causes
system transient
fault such as
lightning surges,
sudden load loss,
DVAR operation
failure,
Negative Phase Sequence Protection
-Unbalanced
system
-Neg. phase
sequence
produces mmf
which rotates at
synchronous
speed that
generates heat
(I22t=60)
-Allowable rotor
temp. – 115.60C
Generator Loss of Field Protection

Causes
-under excitation
(field current
monitoring & O/v)
-Low Ifield can’t
supply MVAR that
may lead to
instability
-Overheating,
mech. stress
-30Y relay energize
Back up Impedance Protection

Causes
-Serves as backup
for phase faults in
the unit
- 30Z relay
energize
Generator Reverse Power Protection (92G)

Causes
-No input to prime
mover that may
lead to motoring
condition
-Power back flow
if CB is kept close
(drawing power
form the grid)
-30Y relay energize
Transformer REF & GT Un-REF Protection (64RGT, 64S)

Causes
-Internal E/F
(Restricted zone)
-External E/f
-30Y relay energize
UAT UNREF Protection (64UAT)

Causes
-External E/f
-30Y relay energize
UAT O/C (inst. & IDMT) Protection (50, 51)

Causes
- fault
-30Y relay
energize
LBB Protection (50Z)

Causes
-Trip coil failure
-CB failure
-30Y relay energize
Pole Slipping Protection (98)

Causes
-Power swing
(that would
cause the
generator to
operate out of
its capability
curve)
-Loss of field
-30Y relay
energize
Mechanical Protection
of Power Transformer

-Power swing
(that would
cause the
generator to
operate out of
its capability
curve)
-Loss of field
-30Y relay
energize

You might also like