Polyvinylacetate
&
Derivatives
Jitendra Singh
INDEX
1. Introduction
2. Monomer Preparation
3. Monomer Properties
4. Molecular structure
5. Properties of PVAc
6. Mechanism of Polymerisation
7. Manufacture of PVAc
8. Applications
INTRODUCTION:
The polyvinyl ester family has the general formula -
[RCOOCHCH2]-.
The most important member is polyvinyl acetate (PVAC).
It is a completely atactic, highly branched, noncrystalline
thermoplastic, prepared by conventional free-radical
polymerization.
The homopolymer of PVAc has a glass transition
temperature around room temperature (32 degree C)
Monomer Preparation
Substituting Ethylene –Replacing
one H with an acetate group
Vinyl group (Ethylene)
Vinyl Acitate
Vinyl acetate (CH2=CHO2CCH3) is prepared from ethylene by
reaction with oxygen and acetic acid over a palladium catalyst.
Monomer Properties
Vinyl acetate is an irritating, colourless liquid
which is flammable.
It is a relatively low-cost monomer which
can be readily copolymerized with other
monomers, such ethylene.
Vinyl acetate has a boiling point of 72.5 C at
atmospheric pressure.
Vinyl acetate, on polymerization produceds
PolyVinyl acetate
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Polyvinyl / Polyethylene
Polyvinylacitate
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
=
Polymeric Binder
PVAc is a polar molecule
Thermoplastic in nature
Softens at High temp.
Moisture compromises performance
It has good resistance to UV and oxidation
Brittle below the Tg and very sticky above it
Mechanism of Polymerisation:
Manufacture of PVAc
Under the action of free-radical initiators, vinyl acetate
monomers (single-unit molecules) can be linked into
long, branched polymers (large, multiple-unit
molecules) of PVAc
The manufacturing of PVAc is carried out by following
processes:
1. Bulk Polymerisation
2. Solution Polymerisation
3. Emulsion Polymerisation
PVAc through Bulk Polymerisation
Emulsion Polymerisation
Emulsion Polymerisation
The monomer can be polymerized while dispersed in
water to form a milky-white emulsion.
This fluid can be processed directly into latex paints, in
which the PVAc forms a strong, flexible, adherent film.
It can also be made into a common household adhesive
known as white glue or Elmer’s glue.
APPLICATIONS:
1. Most of the polyvinyl acetate (PVAC) produced is
used in the adhesive market.
2. It is one of the main ingredients of water based glues,
commonly referred to as wood glue, carpenter's glue
3. PVACs is used as plasticizers, thickeners for paints,
textile finishes, plastic and cement additives, chewing
gum etc.
4. It is noticeably cheaper than acrylic resins
(approximately half the cost of acrylics) and is, therefore,
sometimes added to acrylic latex paints to lower costs.
5. PVAC emulsions are used as adhesives for porous
materials, particularly for wood, paper, and cloth. Major
applications are furniture and packaging bonding and
book binding.
6. The most important derivative of PVAC are Polyvinyl
alcohol, polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and polyvinyl formal
(PVF) which find vast uses in paints, lacquers, and
adhesives etc.
Polyvinylalcohol
• Introduction
• Monomer Preparation
• Molecular structure
• Properties of PVA
• Mechanism of Polymerisation
• Manufacturing process
• Applications
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INTRODUCTION
Poly(vinyl alcohol) also known as PVOH, PVA,
or PVAL
It is a synthetic polymer that is soluble in water.
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It is effective in film forming ,emulsifying, and has an
adhesive quality
.
It has no odor and is not toxic and is resistant to grease ,
oils , and solvents.
Polyvinyl polymer are prepared by polymerisation of its
corresponding monomers but PVA is not formed by its
corresponding monomer.
PVA is produced by polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) through
transesterification.
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MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF PVA
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PROPERTIES
The chemical and physical properties of PVA may vary based
on the percentage of hydrolysis which determines the PVA
grade and its molecular weight.
Compared with any other known polymer, PVA demonstrates
remarkably superior features as an oxygen barrier; however, to
avoid the degradation of its permeability toward gas, it must
be protected from moisture.
PVA is partially crystalline upon formation and is
characterized by properties such as chemical resistance, water
solubility, and biodegradability.
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MECHANISM OF POLYMERISATION
PVA is not produced by polymerisation of monomer
It is produced by transesterification of polyvinyl acetate.
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MANUFACTURING PROCESS
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APPLICATION
• Polyvinyl alcohol is widely used to strengthen textile yarn
and papers particularly make the later more resilient to oil
and grease.
• It is also used in fresh water sports fishing.
• PVA is also used as a coating agent for food supplements
and does not pose any health risks as it is not poisonous.
• To combat moisture formation from foodstuff , PVA film is
created to be thin and water resistant.
• Use of PVA in pharmaceuticals market .
• Use of PVA in coat of medicine tablet is quite prominent.
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References
1. Wikipedia.com
2. polymerdatabase.com
3. Brydson J.A., 1999, Plastic
Materials.Elsevier, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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