February 2008

MV Metal-Clad Switchgear
The safest, most reliable Switchgear in the market today

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 1
Arc-Resistant Standards
 Introduction – Today’s Topics
 What is Arc Flash and the risks it represents
 Arc-Resistant Switchgear Standards
 ABB Switchgear Offering
 Characteristics of SafeGear Arc-Resistant Switchgear
 Other Safety Features available in Switchgear today

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 2
What is an Arc Flash?
 The result of a rapid release
of energy due to an arcing fault
between phases, neutral or a
ground.
 An arc arises when at least part of
the current passes through a dielectric,
usually air
 Maximum peak power up to 40 MW
 Arc temperature up to five times the
surface temperature of the sun Temperature of
(20,000°C)
the sun surface is
 Light intensity more than 2000 times about 5000°C.
that of normal office light
 Volumetric expansion approximately
40,000+ - 1

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 3
 Arcing Incidents Do Happen

Fault characteristics

An arc arises when at least part of the current

passes through a dielectric, usually air

Maximum peak power up to 40 MW

Arc temperature up to five times the surface

temperature of the sun (20 000°C)

Light intensity more than 2000 times that of

normal office light

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 4
Arc Flash Danger Statistics
 Currently, OSHA lumps Arc Flash incidents in with
electrical incidents.
 A recent survey showed that 5-10 people per day go to
burn centers due to arc flash incidents – that does not
include those going to local and regional hospitals
 That is 2000-3500 people a year in the US!
 With the high mortality rate of burn injuries, this can translate to
hundreds of deaths a year
 IEEE did a study with a large utility and over the last 53
years, they have had 1 arc flash incident every 18 months.

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 5
Arcing Incidents Do Happen

Security Video of Arc flash incident

Distributed by NFPA

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 6
Arc-Resistant Switchgear
 Causes of internal arc faults
 Improper maintenance, mechanical, and interlock
failures
 Failure to follow procedures
 Gradual component or insulation breakdown
 Foreign objects, rodents, snakes, etc.
 Effects of an internal arc fault
 Pressure increase in an enclosed compartment
 Function of arc voltage, current, number, and duration
of arcs, volume
 Rapid onset (10-15 ms) results in explosive forces
 Thermal effects, hot gases
 Catastrophic to nearby personnel and equipment

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 7
Evolution of Arc-Resistant Standards
 Interest in Europe – uninsulated bus was common
 Annex AA to IEC 298 was approved in 1981
 EEMAC G14-1 was published in 1987 in Canada
 Type A – arc-resistant construction at the front only
 Type B – arc-resistant construction at the front, back, and sides
 Type C – arc-resistant construction at the front, back, and sides, and between
compartments
 IEEE C37.20.7-2007 includes
 Type 1 – similar to EEMAC Type A above
 Type 2 – similar to EEMAC Type B above
 Annex A addresses suffixes “B” and “C”
 Type 1C – Type 1, but also with arc-resistance designs or features between
adjacent compartments
 Type 2B – Type 2 with LV instrument compartment door open – relay and
maintenance personnel survive
 Type 2C – Type 2 with arc-resistance features between adjacent compartments –
switchgear survives with minimum damage
 Type 2BC – The ultimate in protection – combines types 2B and 2C

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 8
Industry Recognized Arc-Resistant Standards
 OSHA 29 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 1910, Subpart S
 NFPA 70E-2004, “Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace”
 IEEE 1584-2002, “Guide for Arc Flash Hazard Analysis”
 IEEE C37.20.7-2007, IEEE Guide for Testing Medium-Voltage Metal-Enclosed
Switchgear for Internal Arcing Faults

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 9
Arc-Resistant Standards
 Current Requirements and How They Apply
 OSHA 29 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 1910, Subpart S
 Safe practices to prevent electrical shock or burns must be
implemented
 Mandates that exposed workers must be qualified
 Requires provisions for the appropriate personnel protective
equipment (PPE)
 NFPA 70E-2004, “Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace”
 Details steps to comply with the OSHA requirements
 Worker training
 Appropriate, safe tools
 Safety program
 Arc flash hazard calculations
 PPE
 Equipment warning labels

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 10
 THE NEW NFPA 70E – 2009, TABLE 130.7 (C) (9) Arc-Resistant
SWITCHGEAR TYPE 1 OR 2

Hazard/Risk Category for Arc-Resistant Switchgear

Insertion or removal of CBs from cubicles, doors open 4

CB operation with enclosure door closed 0
Insertion of removal of CBs from cubicles, doors closed 0
Insertion or removal of ground and test device with door closed 0
Insertion or removal (racking) of voltage transformers on or off the 0
bus, door closed
Work on control circuits with energized electrical conductors and 2
circuit parts 120V, exposed

Applies to clearing times of <0.5 sec with a perspective fault current not to exceed the arc-
resistant rating of the equipment.

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 11
 Arc Flash Introduction - Mitigation Techniques
 Redirecting energy away from workers
 Reducing the arcing current (En ~Ia)
 Not effective method as test data is required for current
limiting devices (fuses)
 Increasing the working distance (E~1/D)
 Using remore racking device, remote operating devices
incident energy might be reduced
 Reducing the clearing time (E~t)
 Zone selective interlocking
 slow (100ms) + breaker operate time)
 can not be used for retrofit installations
 Bus bar protection
 expensive to install due to number of CT’s
 Light Detection

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 12
ANSI C37.20.7 Accessibility Types
 1
 Front only
 1C
 Front plus between compartments within a section or between adjacent vertical sections (except
main bus compartment)
 2
 Front, back, and sides
 2B
 Isolation of the Low Voltage Compartment with the instrument door open
 2C
 Front, back, and sides, plus between compartments within a section or between adjacent vertical
sections (except main bus compartment)
 2BC
 Offers compartment to compartment and low voltage isolation. Offers the very best solution for
personnel protection and system reliability.

SafeGear meets IEEE C37.20.7-2007

Type 2, 2B, 2C and 2BC!

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 13
Arc Faults

Conventional Switchgear SafeGear

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 14
Pressure Buildup

vent flap
enclosure
opens
rupture

900
800
700 conventional
600
500
PSI

400
SafeGear
300
200
100
0
time (m s)
11
1

13

15

17

19

21

23

25
Pressure measurements Successful SafeGear test

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 15
Introduction to ABB ANSI Switchgear
 5 to 15 kV metal clad switchgear
 Advance
 Traditional non-arc-resistant switchgear
 SafeGear
 Meets ANSI Standard C37.20.7-2007 for arc-resistance
 Four versions – Types 2, 2B, 2C and 2BC available
 Vacuum circuit breakers
 AMVAC
 Magnetically actuated mechanism
 ADVAC
 Spring operated mechanism

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 16
Ratings
Ratings
Nominal Voltage 4.16 7.2 13.8

BIL (kV) 60 95 95

Continuous Current (A) 1200 1200 1200

Main Bus 2000 2000 2000
3000 3000 3000
Forced Air Cooled* 4000 4000 4000

Short Circuit (kA) 20 20 20

K Factor = 1.0 25 25 25
31.5 31.5 31.5
40 40 40
50 50 50
4000 A rating available for Advance only.
© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 17
ABB Metal-Clad Switchgear
 Features
 Galvanic construction

 Hem bending

 Modular design

 Bolted frame

 Instrument compartment

 Breaker compartment

 Bus and cable compartment

 Potential transformer compartment

 Arc-resistant switchgear

 SafeGear

 Power distribution center

 Plenum

 Circuit breaker technology

 ADVAC

 AMVAC magnetically actuated circuit breaker

option

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 18
Galvanic Construction

 Resistant to rust,
corrosion and
scratches
 No paint required
 Highly reflective

(Side view with covers removed)

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 19
Hem Bending
 No sharp edges for
increased safety
 Improved rigidity
 Reduces arc propagation
 Forms a self-supporting
structure
Hem bending creates a rigid structure and sturdy
construction in metal-clad switchgear (reinforced,
arc-resistant door construction shown).

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 20
Modular Design

 Bolted construction enables faster replacement and modification in the field

 Allows for easy replacements, repairs, and specialized configurations
 Maintains the smallest, compact product

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 21
Instrument Compartment
 Total isolation from medium voltage
components
 No instruments on breaker door
 Galvanic interiors provide superior
reflectivity inside compartments
 Available in four sizes
 19”, 38”, 57”, 95”
 Gasketed door
 Easy accessibility for operators
 Truck operated cell switches
located in the low voltage
compartment for easy access and
to minimize exposure

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 22
Breaker Compartment
 Dual safety shutter actuators
 Interlock prevents manual
operation
 Mechanically forced by breaker
movement
 Shutters grounded by cable
 Clear Lexan shutters available
 Position indicator
 Connected
 Test
 Disconnected

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 23
Breaker Compartment
 Automatic secondary
disconnect
 Provides improved safety for
workers while operating the
breakers when using
SafeGear
 Single or double plug
secondary contacts
 Grounding contact
 Interference block
 Prevents installing undersized
breakers

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 24
Bus & Cable Compartments
 Copper bus
 Epoxy coated bus insulation system
 No sleeve insulation
 Silver plating standard
 Tin plating available
 Porcelain or glass polyester standoff
insulators
 Molded vinyl boots with re-useable
hardware
 Catalog number embossed on each
boot to make reordering easy
 No tape used

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 25
PT Compartments
 One to three potential
transformers (PTs)
 In SafeGear, less than 40kA duty
is 19 inches high. 40kA and 50kA
duty is 38 inches high
 Closed door racking in and out
adds element of safety
 Drawout construction with
extension rails makes the
compartment easily accessible
 Lift truck not required to replace
fuses
 Delrin snuffer contact technology

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 26
CPT Compartments
 15 kVA, single-phase, truck mounted
 Larger size CPT’s are fixed mounted in
the rear compartment
 Fuse truck with fixed mounted CPT
 Closed door racking adds element of
safety
 Drawout construction with extension
rails makes the compartment easily
accessible for fuse replacement.
Compartment is 38 inches high
 Lift truck not required to replace fuses
 Delrin snuffer contact technology

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 27
Arrangements

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 28
SafeGear Arc-Resistant Switchgear
 Enhanced safety for personnel and
equipment
 Flap/vent system to relieve pressure
 Patented collection chamber
 Gases are safely expelled out the roof
through the plenum
 Built to EEMAC G14-1 1987 type B and
C construction and IEEE C37.20.7-2007
Types 2, 2B, 2C and 2BC
 More than 25 years experience in arc-
resistant switchgear
 Design allows for flexibility in
configurations and promotes superior
safety performance
 Certified by an independent test lab
© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 29
SafeGear Demonstration

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 30
Location of Flaps and Vents in SafeGear

ONE-HIGH 1200A 1200A W/2 VT UNITS TWO-HIGH 1200A

1200A W/FUSED CPT 2000A W/1 VT UNIT ONE-HIGH 3000A

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 31
SafeGear Patented Internal Collection Chamber

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 32
SafeGear Construction
 Breaker doors secured with heavy
duty hinges and bolts
 Multi-point handle and latching
available
 Double thickness of steel
 Gasketed construction
 Seals gases inside
 Lexan arc-resistant window –
largest in industry – allows the
operator to check position and
status of circuit breaker without
opening the cell door

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 33
Plenum Benefits

PDC ceiling
 Channels gases out of PDC
Plenum
 Provides room for flap operation
 Allows gases to expand
 Protects cable trays
 Maintains weather protection
 Allows lower building height

PDC Aisle
Two-high SafeGear

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 34
Plenum Design

 Sealed duct across top of switchgear, covering all vent flaps

 Sized and shaped to minimize turbulence and back-pressure
 Allows room for cable trays and conduit entry
 Channels gases safely out of building, through wall penetration and
vent

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 35
Plenum End Flap

 Flaps normally
closed
 Opens with pressure
in case of arc fault

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 36
Circuit Breaker
 Closed door racking to all positions adds
element of safety
 Three position breaker
 Positive stop in all positions
 Breaker positively latched in the compartment
(Disconnect)
 Racking mechanism is integral to the breaker
element
 Auxiliary switches are breaker-mounted and
wired out through the secondary disconnect,
eliminating the need for separately mounted
mechanism operated cell switches
 Front access mechanism
 Centered racking mechanism for easy
alignment
 Embedded pole design

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 37
ADVAC® Circuit Breaker

Manual spring
Manual open and charge port
close push buttons

Non-re-settable
operations counter
Spring charge
status indicator

Open/close indicator
Cell locking tabs
and handles

Racking release lever

Racking access port Racking padlock provision for

lockout and safety procedures

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 38
ADVAC® Circuit Breaker

Simple, front-accessible operating mechanism

and control components
On-board auxiliary contacts
eliminate the need for cell-
mounted MOC switches and
related mechanical linkages
 4a, 4b standard
Close &  9a, 8b optional
trip coils
Auxiliary switch
operating shaft

Main drive shaft

Precision cam Charging Toroidal

motor spring

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 39
AMVAC Circuit Breaker
 Operating mechanism rated for
100,000 operations
 10 times ANSI requirement
 Interrupter assemblies rated for
30,000 full load operations
 Virtually maintenance free (minor
lubrication needed)
 Only seven moving parts
 90% less parts
 Permanent magnet for holding force
and latch
 Dual capacitors store energy
 Full operation for up to 90 seconds
after loss of control power
 Interchangeable with ADVAC

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 40
AMVAC Circuit Breaker 1. Upper Primary Terminal
2. Vacuum Interrupter
3. Epoxy Potting Compound
4. Lower Primary Terminal
5. Flexible Connector
6. Wipe Springs
7. Insulated Pushrod
8. Jackshaft
9. Stroke Adjustment
10. Position Sensors
11. Close Coil
12. Permanent Magnets
13. Armature
14. Open Coil
15. Manual Opening Actuator
16. Mechanism Enclosure

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 41
AMVAC Circuit Breaker

Magnetic actuator
Manual opening
mechanism

Auxiliary contacts Electronic controller

Electrical energy storage

Sensor for switching

position detection

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 42
AMVAC vs. ADVAC

 AMVAC’s simple design reduces moving elements and the need

for spare parts

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 43
Accessories
 Racking crank, manual close bar
 Test cabinet
 Test jumper
 Ground & test device
 Electric racking device
 Lift truck
 Ramp
 Shutter actuator truck
 Breaker release handle
 Wear test device
 Dummy circuit breakers
 Slow close device
 IR Viewing Ports

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 44
Arc Flash Mitigation Relays
REA 101 Arc Protection Relay
 Fast trip time (< 2.5 ms)
 Unique fiber optic sensor technology
with self supervision
 Current supervision for secure and
reliable arc detection
 Easy to configure via front mounted
dip switches
 Suitable for existing LV / MV
switchgear installations or new
applications
 Minimize potential risk of injury or
death while increasing reliability
 Includes standard 12 year warranty

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 45
 REA Application Example #1
Arc in the right bus
compartment with the
tie breaker open
REA REA
101 101
Right REA 101 detects light
Right REA 101 detects
overcurrent
REA 101s send the current
information to all connected
units
Right bus is disconnected
REA REA REA REA
105 105 105 105

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 46
IR viewing Ports
 SAFE: Successfully Arc-Flash tested
in accordance with IEEE C37.20.7
 RUDGGED: Certified by UL, SIRA
and Lloyds of London for installation
into both indoor and outdoor
equipment
 FLEXIBLE: Broadband optic suitable 1. Eliminate need to
for all IR cameras. enter the switchgear
 SECURE: Unique mounting system while energized.
allows for safe, single person 2. Frequent monitoring
installation & retro-fitting with No possible without
dangerous internal fasteners required. impacting
production.
3. Easy to use system
requires little training

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 47
Product description
Indicator of voltage presence Advantages of VisiVolt™
installed directly on bus bars,  Applicable to any unshielded medium
conductors etc. voltage system – from 3 kV to 36 kV
 For permanent installation – information
on voltage presence available all the time
 Outdoor and indoor application
 Good visibility under all lighting
conditions
 Maintenance free; passive device – no
power supply needed
 Simple and robust construction –
resistant to overvoltages
(does not use electronic elements)
 Very compact construction
 Easy to install
 Economical solution
© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 48
In Summary
 Advance & SafeGear available at 5 and 15kV
 SafeGear arc-resistant switchgear – Types 2, 2B, 2C and 2BC –
provide the highest level of personnel protection
 AMVAC breaker
 100,000 mechanical operations mechanism
 30,000 load break operations interrupter
 Virtually maintenance free
 REA Relays
 Protects you personnel and equipment with the most advanced arc
flash mitigation relays on the market.

© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 49
 
© ABB Group
February 11, 2021 | Slide 50