NCM 311 – CARE OF
THE OLDER ADULT
Concepts, Principles and Theories
in the Care of Older Adults
• LESSON NO. 1
PERSPECTIVE ON AGING, ITS
IMPLICATIONS AND IMPACT TO HEALTH,
NURSING CARE AND FAMILY
The end-of-life
deserves as much
beauty, care, and
respect as the
beginning……
INTRODUCTION
A man's life is normally divided into five
01 main stages
02 The old age is not without problems
With increasing age we become old, birth,
03 development, decline and death are the laws
of life.
INTRODUCTION
• Aging is not merely the passage of time.
• It is important to recognize that people
age differently.
• As a general rule, slight, gradual changes
are common, and most of these are not
problems to the person who
experiences them.
Hello Level 3
students!
Sure
I’m Nursema’am!
Lezah…
Let’s define the
following terms:
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Gerontology vs. Geriatrics
Scientific and medical disciplines,
respectively, concerned with all
aspects of health and disease in
the elderly and with the normal
aging process
Gerontology vs. Geriatrics
-is concerned primarily with Hence, both deal with aging
the changes that occur but geriatrics focuses on the
between maturity and death - deals
care with prevention
of aging people while and
and with the factors that treatment
gerontology is theofactual
diseases
influence these changes. It once of the aging
study assumed to be
process.
addresses the social and Ainevitable in the
geriatrician elderly
or geriatric
economic effects of an physician and gerontology
aging population and the nurse, works to promote
physiological and health in the older adults
psychological aspects of while preventing and treating
aging to learn about the diseases prone
aging process and possibly to them.
minimize disabilities
Therefore,
Gerontology is the study of aging and/
or the aged, this includes the biopsycho-
social of aging
While, Geriatrics relates to the medical
care of the aged.
GERONTOLOGY
Subfields of gerontology:
geriatrics,
social gerontology,
geropsychology,
geropharmacology,
gerontological nursing,
gerontological rehabilitation
nursing.
Gerontological nursing:
GERONTOLOGY
discipline of nursing and scope
of nursing practice
It involves nurses advocating
for the health of older adults at
all levels of prevention
A nurse who has specialization in
geriatrics or in the care of old
people is called
geriatric nurse or
gerontological nurse.
Gerontological nurse:
GERONTOLOGY
• Work with healthy elderly persons in
their communities, acutely ill elders
requiring hospitalization and
treatment, and chronically ill or
disabled elders in long term facilities,
skilled care, home care, and hospice
• Scope: from the time of “old age” until
death
Lastly…..
GERONTOLOGY
Geriatric Care:
This is related to the disease
process of old age and it aims
at keeping old persons at a
state of self-dependence as far
as possible and to provide
facilities to improve their
quality of life.
You’re
welcome po!
That’s all for
See you next
now
time my dear
Dr. Ediza
students…
Bye!!!
PERSPECTIVES ON AGING
• the time-related • is a normal process
deterioration of the of time related change
physiological functions begins with birth and
necessary for continuous through-
survival and fertility. out life.
What is
Aging/ Progeria
Ageing?
• is the process of • expresses the
growing old or continuous pressure
What is developing the and effect of time
Aging/ appearance and on our body, senses
characteristics of and skin.
Ageing? old age
CLASSIFICATIONS OF AGING
Objectively, ageing is a universal
process that begins at birth and is
01 specified by the chronological age
criterion
Subjectively, aging is marked by
02 changes in behavior and self-perception
and reaction to biologic changes.
Functionally, aging refers to the capabilities
03 of the individual to
function in society.
Hi! This
There areis5Nurse
types of Aging, namely:
Michaela…let me
1)Chronologic
guide
Ok poyou
Dr.onEdiza!..
the
2)Biologic
following 3)types of
Psychologic
Aging:4)Social, and
5)Cognitive
CHRONOLOGIC AGING
In other words,
• Chronological this
age refers to the
refers to the number of
actualdays,
amount
monthsof or
time a person
years
has been alive.
a person has been
alive
…this is an example of Chronologic Aging which has categories….
CHRONOLOGICAL AGE
CATEGORIES AGE IN YEARS
Young Old 65-74
Middle Old 75-84
Old Old 85-100
Elite Old Over 100
BIOLOGIC AGING
• Furthermore, Biological aging refers to
the physical
• Senescence orchanges
biological that ageing
“slow usis
down” asdeterioration
the gradual human get intoof middle and
function
older years.
characteristic
• For example: arteries might clog
• Thisup,aging is also with
or problems known asmight
lungs
physiologic aging
make it more difficult for us to
breathe.
PSYCHOLOGIC AGING
• Psychological aging refers to the psychological
changes, including those involving mental
functioning and personality, that occur as human
age.
• Some people who are 65, can look and act
much younger than some who are 50.
• Psychological ageing may be seen as a
continuous struggle for identity, i.e. for a
sense of coherence and meaning in thoughts,
feelings and actions.
• Success depends on a lucky synchronization of
changes through life in different parts of
the personal self.
SOCIAL AGING
• Social aging refers to changes in a person’s
roles and relationships, both within their
networks of relatives and friends and in
formal organizations such as the workplace
and houses of worship
• Social aging differ from one individual to
another.
• It is also profoundly influenced by the
perception of aging that is part of a society’s
culture.
COGNITIVE AGING
Cognitive ageing is the decline in cognit
ive processing that occurs as people get
older.
Age-related impairments in reasoning,
memory and processing speed can arise
during adulthood and progress into the
elder years.
The concept of cognitive aging, a term tha
t describes a process of gradual, longitudin
al changes in cognitive functions that acco
mpany the aging process.
Sure ma’am, you’re welcome!
It’s an honor to be of help….
See you all next time…Bye!
SENIOR CITIZEN OR ELDERLY
- refers to any Filipino citizen who is a reside
nt of the Philippines, and who is sixty (60) y
ears old or above. It may apply to senior citi
zens with "dual citizenship" status provided t
hey prove their Filipino citizenship and have
at least six (6) months residency in the Phili
ppines.
OLDER ADULT
Most developed world countries have accepted th
e chronological age of 65 years as a definition o
f 'elderly' or older person
While this definition is somewhat arbitrary, it is ma
ny times associated with the age at which one ca
n begin to receive pension benefits.
At the moment, there is no United Nations standa
rd numerical criterion, but the UN agreed cutoff is
60+ years to refer to the older population.
Attitudes towards Aging
• Observations of family members, friends, neighbors, an
d your own experience with older adults.
• Media like Newspapers, Film industry, Commercials in
magazines and on TV
Have you pictured yourself at the age of
60 or above?
What would I look like at the
age of 85? What sights and
sounds would be around me?
Where would I be living?
What activities would I be
engaged in?
Attitudes towards Aging
• Ageism: negative attitude toward aging or older
adults.
• Examine:
to take a look the myths and realities,
to separate fact from fiction
to gain a value for the wisdom of lifetimes tha
t older adults have to offer
Attitudes towards Aging
YOU
• are encouraged to examine your own thoughts, values, feelings,
and attitudes about aging and the elderly
• build on your positive attitude and consider devoting your time and
efforts to the field of gerontological nursing.
• need to reexamine that feelings thru arming with the facts and some
positive experiences with older adults, you may just change your
mind.
GERIATRIC or GERONTOLOGICAL NURSING: Backgro
und
• It is a field of nursing that specializes in the
care of the elderly.
• Florence Nightingale and Doreen Norton
provided early insights into the care of aged
Background…
• ANA Established the Division of Geriatric Nursing
Practice in 1966 with a goal to create standards
for quality nursing care for the aged
• The standards and scope of gerontological
nursing practice were developed in 1969 by ANA
• The term gerontological nursing replaced the
term Geriatric Nursing in the 1970s
Background…
• geriatric nursing is bound to be part of our
professional future.
• Older adults are the core business of health
care representing the majority visits, hospital
admissions, and long-term care residents.
