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Utilitarianism

Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that states the best action is the one that maximizes utility or happiness and minimizes suffering. There are two main types: act utilitarianism, which says an act is morally right if it produces the most happiness, and rule utilitarianism, which says an action is right if it conforms to a rule that leads to the greatest good. Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill were influential utilitarian philosophers who argued actions should maximize pleasure and minimize pain, considering the interests of all beings equally.

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513 views9 pages

Utilitarianism

Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that states the best action is the one that maximizes utility or happiness and minimizes suffering. There are two main types: act utilitarianism, which says an act is morally right if it produces the most happiness, and rule utilitarianism, which says an action is right if it conforms to a rule that leads to the greatest good. Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill were influential utilitarian philosophers who argued actions should maximize pleasure and minimize pain, considering the interests of all beings equally.

Uploaded by

Rahat Rahman Radi 0309
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Utilitarianism

• Utilitarianism is an ethical theory which states that the


best action is the one that maximizes utility.
Utility as the sum of all pleasure that results from an
action, minimize the suffering of anyone involved in the
action.
A version of consequentialism, which states that the
consequences of any action are the only standard of
right and wrong.
Considers the interests of all beings equally.

2
Types of Utilitarianism
• Act utilitarianism
is an utilitarian theory of ethics which states that a
person's act is morally right if and only if it produces
at least as much happiness as any other act that the
person could perform at that time.
• Rule utilitarianism
is a form of utilitarianism that says an action is right
as it conforms to a rule that leads to the greatest
good, or that "the rightness or wrongness of a
particular action is a function of the correctness of
the rule of which it is an instance".
3
Difference Between Act Utilitarianism & Rule
utilitarianism

4
Jeremy Bentham’s Utilitarianism
•Right actions result in ‘good or
pleasure,’ wrong actions result
in pain or absence of pleasure.
•‘Maximize pleasure/minimize
suffering

5
The Fundamentals of Utilitarianism
•All humans by nature seek to attain
pleasure and avoid pain.
•“Nature has placed mankind under
the governance of two sovereign
masters:
–pain
–and pleasure
6
Utilitarian Ethics
• We ought to perform actions which tend to
produce the greatest overall happiness for the
greatest number of people.
• This simple statement is the basic core idea of
utilitarianism and is also known as the Greatest
Happiness Principle.

7
John Stuart Mill’s Utilitarianism
• A more sophisticated form of Utilitarianism.
• Concerned with quality of pleasure and
quantity of people who enjoy it.
• Recognized higher and lower types of human
pleasure.

8
Reference
• https://
www.slideshare.net/MutSomoeun/utiliteriansim-chapter-5-lecture
• https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/utilitarianism.asp
• https://iep.utm.edu/util-a-r/
• https://press.rebus.community/intro-to-phil-ethics/chapter/utilitarian
ism
/

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