Literature Review On Low Cost
Building Technology
Submitted by Submitted to
Sujan pokhrel Department of architecture
A17/26
Introduction
It is the process of reducing the cost construction through the
use of locally available materials and without sacrificing the
strength required for the performance of the building.
Low cost housing is done by proper management of resources
Objective
• Inexpensive to build.
• Low cost while maintaining the building
• Take less time in building construction
• Final result should be affordable for most people
Building material
Artifical
Natural • Coal washery reject
Bamboo
• Aerocon panels
• Ferro cement
Random
straw or coconut
fibres stabilised soil
Compressed earth block
Non erodible mud plaster
Straw
Fibre cement composition
Bagasse composite board
Techniques to reduce cost from area:
Reduce plinth area by using thinner wall concept.Ex.15 cms thick
solid concrete block wall.
Use locally available material in an innovative form like soil
cement blocks in place of burnt brick.
Use energy efficiency materials which consumes less energy like
concrete block in place of burnt brick.
Use environmentally friendly materials which are substitute for
conventional building components like use R.C.C. Door and
window frames in place of wooden frames.
Preplan every component of a house and rationalize the design
procedure for reducing the size of the component in the building.
By planning each and every component of a house the wastage of
materials due to demolition of the unplanned component of the
house can be avoided.
Construction Technique adopted
Foundation
Normally the foundation cost come to about 10- 15 % of
the total building
It is recommended to about a foundation depth of 2ft for
normally soil like grave, red etc.
To avoid crack formation in foundation the masonry shall
be thorough packed with cement mortar of 1:8 boulders
and bond stone at regular interval
Hyperbolic paraboloid foundation
In the soil of low bearing capacity the base of footing of
columns should be enlarged to larger sections.
In such case it is very economical to use hyperbolic
paraboloid footing
The saving is 10-30% depending upon the
characteristics of the soil.
Arch foundation
It reduce the construction cost
up to 40%
Use in soft soil that the depth
of foundation can be greatly
reduce
The end piers have to be
specially strength by
buttressed so as to avoid the
trust to arch action tending
rapture the piers junction
Under Reamed Piles
In the areas where the black
cotton and other soft soil is
used and the soil is expansive
the convectional way of
providing footing is spread
footing.
Save 20-25% of cost
Plinth
It is suggested to adopt 1 ft. height above ground level for the plinth
and may be constructed with a cement mortar of 1:6. The plinth slab
of 4 to 6″ which is normally adopted can be avoided and in its place
brick on edge can be used for reducing the cost. By adopting this
procedure the cost of plinth foundation can be reduced by about 35 to
50.
Wall
Rat – trap bond wall
Concrete block walling
Soil cement block technology
Lintel
Staircase
Precast Staircase System can be used instead of cast-in-situ
staircase system.
Its construction is cheap and quick
No laborious form of work is required to construct it.
It can be simply supported with a cantilever.
Roof
Normally 5″(12.5 cms) thick R.C.C. slabs is used for roofing of residential
buildings. By adopting rationally designed insitu construction practices like
filler slab and precast elements the construction cost of roofing can be
reduced by about 20 to 25%.
Filler slabs
They are normal RCC slabs where bottom half (tension) concrete portions are
replaced by filler materials such as bricks, tiles, cellular concrete blocks, etc.. These
are safe, sound and provide aesthetically pleasing pattern ceilings and also need no
plaster. Reduce the cost of the slab by 20-25%
Jack arch roof/floor
They are easy to construct, save on cement and steel, are
more appropriate in hot climates. These can be
constructed using compressed earth blocks also as
alternative to bricks for further economy.
Ferrocement channel/shell unit
Provide an economic solution to RCC slab by providing
30 to 40% cost reduction on floor/roof unit over RCC
slabs without compromising the strength. These being
precast, construction is speedy, economical due to
avoidance of shuttering and facilitate quality control.
Doors and windows
Finishing
The cost of finishing items like sanitary,
electricity, painting etc., varies depending upon
the type and quality of products used in the
building and its cost reduction is left to the
individual choice and liking.
Green environment
It save a lot of water and electrical energy
and makes it cost effective for lifetime.
Thank you
