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Arrays and Jagged Array

Arrays can be reference or value types. Reference type arrays are stored on the heap while the reference variable is stored on the stack. To allocate memory for an array on the heap, the new keyword is used. Multidimensional arrays can have 1, 2, or more dimensions. Jagged arrays are arrays of arrays that allow for elements of different sizes, while multidimensional arrays are single blocks of uniform memory like a matrix. Jagged arrays provide better performance for large element access than multidimensional arrays.

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212 views8 pages

Arrays and Jagged Array

Arrays can be reference or value types. Reference type arrays are stored on the heap while the reference variable is stored on the stack. To allocate memory for an array on the heap, the new keyword is used. Multidimensional arrays can have 1, 2, or more dimensions. Jagged arrays are arrays of arrays that allow for elements of different sizes, while multidimensional arrays are single blocks of uniform memory like a matrix. Jagged arrays provide better performance for large element access than multidimensional arrays.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Bilal Ayub
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Arrays

• Array: A reference type or a value type?


• Reference types: Arrays, Classes, Delegates etc.
• Value types: All numeric data types, Boolean, char etc.

• Storage: Where arrays are stored? Stack or Heap?


• Reference variables are stored on stack, but the values
they reference are stored on heap.

• How toallocate memory on heap?


• Using new keyword.
• int[] a = new int[5] {3,15,0,-2,7};
• Stack: a
• Heap : 3,15,0,-2,7
Multidimensional Arrays(1/1)
• 1D int[], 2D int[,], 3D int[,,]
• Which of the following is wrong and why?

int[] array;
int array = {1,2,3,4};
array = {1,2,3,4};

• If you choose todeclare an array variable without initialization, you


must use the new operator toassign an array tothe variable.
int[] array;
array = new int[] {1,2,3,4}; int array = {1,2,3,4};
//need toassign array tovariable //Works fine
Multidimensional Arrays(1/2)
• TwoDimensional Arrays

• How toassign a value toan array?


• array2D [2,1] = 98
Multidimensional Arrays(2/2)
• Three dimensional Arrays
Problems with multidimensional Arrays
• Unfortunately, in the C# language, two-dimensional arrays and all multi-
dimensional arrays are slower than one-dimensional arrays when accessing
large number of elements.

• Solution: Jagged Arrays: storage and retrieval from jagged (or single
dimensional) arrays are simple
• What is Difference between Jagged Array and Multidimensional Array?
• A jagged array is an array-of-arrays, so an int[][] is an array of int[], each of
which can be of different lengths and occupy their own block in memory. A
multidimensional array (int[,]) is a single block of memory (essentially a
matrix).
Jagged Arrays
• A jagged array is an array whose elements are arrays.
• The elements of a jagged array can be of different dimensions and
sizes.
• A jagged array is an array whose elements are arrays. 
• A jagged array is sometimes called an "array of arrays.“

int[][] jaggedArray = new int[3][];

jaggedArray[0] = new int[5];
jaggedArray[1] = new int[4];
jaggedArray[2] = new int[2];
Jagged Arrays
using System; class Program { static void Main() {
// Declare local jagged array with 3 rows.
int[][] jagged = new int[3][];
// Create a new array in the jagged array, and assign it.
jagged[0] = new int[2];
jagged[0][0] = 1;
jagged[0][1] = 2;
// Set second row, initialized tozero.
jagged[1] = new int[1]; // Set third row, using array initializer.
jagged[2] = new int[3] { 3, 4, 5 }; // Print out all elements in the jagged array
for (int i = 0; i < jagged.Length; i++)
{ int[] innerArray = jagged[i];
for (int a = 0; a < innerArray.Length; a++)
{ Console.Write(innerArray[a] + " ");
} Console.WriteLine(); } } }
Debugging Classes
• It's possible that you may attempt tostep intoclass code and fail
because of automatic step-over, and see this dialog box

• Toprevent automatic step-over, you can


either place a breakpoint within the
class element you want tostep into, or
you can change the StudioProperty that
controls this behavior in
• Debug | Options and Settings. Select the
Debugging in the options tree, and uncheck
Step over properties and operators
(Managed only)

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