Universidad Politécnica Salesiana
RESEARCH WORK GROUP 4
Members: Miguel Alvarez, Leonardo Alvarado, Carlos Aguilar, Renato Rivera
Jose Panama, Santiago Quinde, Oscar Sanchez.
INTRODUCTION
The input signal is processed with an electronic low-pass filter. This is done to
prevent aliasing during sampling, and is correspondingly called an antialiasing
filter.
Three types of analog filters are commonly used: Chebyshev, Butterworth, and
Bessel. Each of these is designed to optimize a different performance parameter [1].
Results show different performance levels involving accuracy, computing time, and
cost for the studied methods [2].
MULTIRATE DATA
CONVERSION
Filters
The next level of sophistication involves multirate techniques, using
more than one sampling rate in the same system, a procedure called
decimation.
Multirate data conversion is valuable for two reasons:
It replaces analog components with software, a clear economic
advantage in mass-produced products
It can achieve higher levels of performance in critical applications.
Multirate techniques can also be used in the output portion of our
example system. The 8 kHz data is pulled from memory and converted
to a 64 kHz sampling rate, a procedure called interpolation [1].
DELTA MODULATION OF THE
CIRCUIT
A popular technique in Multirate techniques Analog input with low
telecommunications and where a higher sample volts and the digital
high fidelity of music rate is traded for a lower sequence output signal, a
reproduction is single bit number of bits. in the comparator decides who
ADC and DAC [1] [3]. extreme, only a single bit has the highest voltage and
is needed for each this applies to the lock
sample. they are based on input, the lock guarantees
the use of delta synchronism. a feedback
modulation [1]. loop made up of the output
signal and the switch where
the voltage will increase.
charge or discharge of a
capacitor where the bits of
volts per clock cycle will
DELTA MODULATION
RESULTS
PART A
- When the time equals zero, the analog input and the voltage across
the capacitor start with a voltage of zero.
- 1 volt increment per clock cycle is shown, this is for illustration only,
and a 1 millivolt value is more typical
PART B
- The digital output changes to one since the input signal is more
positive.
- the switch is connected to the positively charged injector and the
voltage across the capacitor increases by a small amount each clock
cycle [1].
THE CONTINUOUSLY
VARIABLE SLOPE DELT (CVSD)
If the circuit is in a slew rate limited condition, the last four bits will
be all ones (positive slope) or all zeros (negative slope). A logic
circuit detects this situation and produces an analog signal that
increase the level of charge produced by the charge injectors.
Data rates of 16 to 32 kHz produce acceptable quality speech.
While CVSD modulation is great for encoding voice signals, it
cannot be used for general purpose analog-to-digital conversion.
CVSD is probably the easiest way to digitally transmit a voice
signal[1].
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A DELTA-SIGMA
ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER
In the simplest case, the pulses from a delta modulator
are counted for a predetermined number of clock cycles.
the output of the counter is then latched to complete the
conversion. in a more sophisticated circuit, the pulses are
passed through a digital low-pass filter and then
resampled (decimated) to a lower sampling rate [1].
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A DELTA-SIGMA
ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER
The ones and zeros produced by this type of delta modulator are very
easy to transform back into an analog signal.
All that is required is a low-pass filter analog, which can be as simple
as a single RC network.
The high and low voltages corresponding to the digital ones and zeros
averaged to the correct form of analog voltage. for example, suppose
the ones and zeros are represented by 5 volts and 0 volts, respectively.
Instead of simply counting the pulses from the delta of the modulator,
the binary signal is passed through a digital low-pass filter, and then
decimated to lower the sample rate. as with the antialiasing filter,
usually only a single RC network is necessary. this is because most of
the filtration is handled by the high performance of digital filters.
Lastly, most of these devices are specifically designed for audio
applications, and their performance specifications are cited
accordingly [1].
SYNTHESIS
Techniques to optimize The high speed converters These techniques allow to
conversion systems such as popular techniques how delta improve the DAC and ADC
the Multirate data modulation, the Continuously converters with higher speed
conversion replaces analog
Variable Slope Delt (CVSD), a and optimize the
components with software, It
can achieve higher levels of delta-sigma analog-to-digital performance in data
performance in critical converter, improve converter collection. In the techniques
applications. speed and performance. presented, we observed the
evolution of the systems, to
ensure greater confidence
with an acceptable
conversion work and
improve the quality of the
results.
Esta foto de Autor desconocido está bajo licencia CC BY-SA Esta foto de Autor desconocido está bajo
licencia CC BY-SA
BIBLIOGRAPHY
[1] Steven W. Smith, Ph.D. The Scientist and Engineer's Guide to Digital Signal Processing
[2] Parrilla, M., Anaya, J. J., & Fritsch, C. (1991). Digital signal processing techniques for high accuracy ultrasonic range measurements. IEEE Transactions on
instrumentation and measurement, 40(4), 759-763.
[3] Wang, B. C. (2008). Digital signal processing techniques and applications in radar image processing (Vol. 91). John Wiley & Sons.
