Curriculum Implementation Model
The Linkage Model (Eric Alfred
Havelock)
by: Izma Aznida Binti Ismail (827130)
Characteristic
• The 'linkage' model recognises that there are innovators in research and development
centres, universities, etc.
• Educators in the field sometimes however, find some attempts that are innovative and
inappropriate for solving the problems.
• Thus, need a match(linked) between the problems and innovations to establishment of
linkages with the established research centres.
• This model propose two systems:
i. User system
ii. Resource system:
• There has to be a link between these two systems.
• The resource system should have a clear picture of the curriculum user's problems, if it is to
retrieve or create appropriate educational packages.
• A successful resource system must proceed through a cycle of diagnosis, search, retrieval,
fabrication of solution, dissemination and evaluation in order to test out its product.
• Thus, in the linkage model, the basic process is the transfer of knowledge.
• Linkage model emphasizing the need to link procedures and agencies in a harmonious way.
• This can be done by connecting agencies that can offer resources to users, and link them up
with more remote resource agents.
• These resources could consist of curriculum materials from a central agency, consultancy or
information about other users with related experiences or interests.
• The linkage process is based on the link between the school and the various
specialized/centralized agencies.
• The agencies’ work is to help locate useful human and material resources that will be
needed to solve any problem in the school setting
• The linkage centers may be in form of Professional Centers, Resource Centers, ICT centers,
Exam Centers, & others
• These agencies as linkage points between the national agencies of curriculum development,
change and innovating schools, to provide consultancy services, and to offer in-service
training for teachers as end users.
Conclusion
Linkage model:
• Here teacher involvement in the process are very high
• It allows for differences occured in schools
• It is applicable to all forms of innovations related to
education
• Promote school and agencies collaboration to build
professionalism, solve problem, consultancy etc