SnS
System Development Life Cycle
In the present booming economical environment every organization
plans to expand and develop quick system and encash economic
boom, as soon as possible.
This require a process which can quickly develop new systems, in
lesser time with lesser cost.
This presentation will focus on the process of how to achieve the
development goal.
Sridhar & Santhanam Dhiraj Birla
SnS
What is SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT ?
We are talking about the development of a system or
business so first we should understand what is
development: -
“System Development” refers to the process of –
Examining a business situation,
With the intent of improving it,
Through better procedures and methods.
SnS
System Development Life Cycle
In an organization System Development Object can be achieved by
following steps:
Preliminary Investigation
Requirements analysis or system analysis
Design of System
System Implementation
Maintenance
SnS Preliminary Investigation
1.Preliminary Investigation
Whatever may be the reason of a request submitted by the Users or Managers to
the IS department a system analyst is assigned to make a preliminary
investigation.
objective
The objective of this activity is to review all requests and identify those proposals
that are most beneficial to the organization.
Preliminary Investigation object can be achieved in following steps:
Request Clarification
Feasibility study
Estimating Costs and Benefits
Request Approvals
SnS Preliminary Investigation
Request Clarification
Defining the Scope and Objective of Request:
– As mentioned in the objectives of System development objective
earlier, an analyst has to define for which objective a request for
development is submitted.
Conducting the Investigation
– This is nothing but the Collection of data / inputs by:
Reviewing internal documents (i.e Organizational Charts,
operating procedures etc.
Conducting interviews of User, Supervisory Personal and
Managers
Identify viable option:
– Analyst has to identify the viable option by applying his common
sense and instuitions on his investigation.
SnS Preliminary Investigation
Feasibility (Possibility) Study
Evaluation of alternative systems through cost and benefit analysis:
• Technical Feasibility: Hardware and software availability, Technical Guarantee
of Accuracy, Reliability, Easy to Access, Data security, technical capacity to hold
data and future expansion.
• Economical Feasibility: Evaluation of cost & Benefits expected.
• Operational Feasibility: Finding views of workers, employees, customers &
suppliers about the use of new system.
• Schedule Feasibility: Estimation of time to take new system to become
operational.
• Legal feasibility: Testing whether new system will comply financial reporting
requirements & Company’s contractual obligations.
SnS Preliminary Investigation
Estimating Cost & Benefit
COSTS:
• Development Costs: This includes cost of testing, training, start up costs,
salary to designers, acquisition cost of hardware & software.
• Operation Costs: This includes operator salary, maintenance costs, etc.
• Intangible Costs: Loss of employee productivity, self confidence etc.
BENEFITS:
• Tangible Benefits:
Increase in sales / Contribution / Profits
Decrease in investment, operating and processing cost.
Improved information availability, analysis, Management Decision skill
• Intangible Benefits:
Increase in Goodwill / Improved Image of Business
SnS Preliminary Investigation
Request Approval
Based on the Observation and Findings of
the Analyst, selected requests are put up for
the approval of management.
SnS Requirement Analysis & System Analysis
2.Requirement Analysis and System Analysis
After the selection of a request for development analyst study in
depth the Present and Proposed New System. This is the
study of weakness & Problems in the present system and
management requirements of new system.
This phase of System Development is being completed in
following step:
Collection of data and facts
Analysis of Present System
Analysis of Proposed system
SnS Requirement Analysis & System Analysis
Collection of Data & Facts
Every system is built to meets some set of needs and to assess these
needs, the analyst often interact extensively with the people, who will be
benefited from the system In order to determine the requirement of those
peoples he can use following facts finding techniques:
• Documents: This includes the Manuals, diagrams, forms, organizational
charts etc. It should be ensured that all documents are accurate & up to
date
• Questionnaires: These are skillfully drafted group of standard question
which can be given to all personal and can be analyze quickly.
• Interviews: To get a complete picture of problems and opportunities.
• Observation: Surprise Visit of users work palace to get a clear picture of
user’s environment.
SnS Requirement Analysis & System Analysis
Analysis of Present System
Detailed investigation of the present system involves collecting, organizing
and evaluating facts about the present system and the environment in which
it operates by studying following areas in depth:
Review of Historical Aspects of organization
Analyze Present inputs to the system
Review of all data file maintained irrespective of online or offline
Review methods, procedures & data communications
Analyze Present outputs of system
Review internal controls
Model the existing physical system and logical system
Undertake overall analysis of present system
SnS Requirement Analysis & System Analysis
Analysis of Proposed System
After each functional area of present system is defined the purposed
system specification must be defined.
These specification will be based on the strength and weakness of
present system.
System Specification which should be in conformity with the Project
Objective and Areas Covered should be following:
– Output / Reports
– Maintenance of Database
– Data Inputting Process
– Methods and Procedures to show the relationship between
Input and Output
SnS System Design
3.System Design
Develop specifications for the hardware ,software
people,network &data resources,and the information
products that will satisfy the functional requirement
of the proposed business information system.
This Phase of System Development includes
following functions:
Designing System Output
Designing System Input
Data Storage
SnS System Testing
4.System implementation
Acquire(or develop)hardware and software.
Test the system ,and train people to operate
and use it.
Convert to the the new business system.
Manage the effects of system changes on
end users
SnS Implementation & Maintenance
Maintenance
As the final Phase of the System Development it gives the
results of the whole process and handover the new system
to end users.
This also includes the overall review of the development
process for its leakages and errors in it.
To complete this phase a developer has to complete the
following functions successfully:
use a post implementation review process to monitor ,evaluate
and modify the business system as needed.
SnS
Thank You
