NAME: WALEED AHMED
ROLL NO. : CU-500-2016
CLASS: AR-2016/B
SUBJECT: ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT 2
ASSIGNMENT: PRESENTATION ON PASSIVE SYSTEM
SUBMITTED TO: MISS FARHAT
PASSIVE SYSTEM:
definition:
An assembly of natural and architectural components
which converts solar energy into usable or storable
heat without mechanical power.
generally the building's structure itself forms the
solar system.
HOW?
In passive solar buildings; windows, walls, and floors
are made to collect, store, and distribute solar energy
in the form of heat in the winter and reject solar heat
in the summer.
TECHNIQUES:
The techniques are based on 3 systems which are as follows
1. DIRECT GAIN
• It stores and slowly releases heat energy collected from the sun shining
directly into the building and warming materials such as tile or concrete.
• Uses up to 75% of sun’s energy through windows.
• Clerestory windows and skylights
Problem:
The amount of south-facing glass and thermal storage mass should be
balanced. If the windows collect more heat than the floor or walls can absorb,
overheating occurs. Since the direct gain system is part of the living space, this
can be uncomfortable for those living in the house.
Solution:
• Shading is needed to reduce heat gain in the summer. Overhangs, awnings,
trellises, louvers, solar screens, and movable insulation are some choices.
The overhang lets in the winter sun while shading south facing glass in the
summer.
INDIRECT GAIN
1. Mass Wall (trombe wall)
• The sun’s rays are intercepted directly behind the collector glazing by a
massive wall that serves as heat storage.
• A Trombe wall is a masonry or concrete wall covered externally with a
glass skin. A small air space of 4-8 inches is left between the wall and the
glazing.
• Solar radiation passes through the glass and is absorbed by the mass wall.
• The glazing should have exterior insulating shutters for nighttime use in
order to prevent the heat gained from being returned back to the outside.
• The mass is heated during the day and releases its warmth to the interior
during the evening and night hours.
• Vents may also be placed in the wall to permit heat to flow directly into
the room during the day.
2. Roof Pond
•The passive collector storage mass has been relocated, from the floor and wall of
the building, into the roof , for radiant heat distribution to the occupied space.
•The roof pond systems requires a body of water to be located in the roof,
protected and controlled by exterior movable insulation.
•This body of water is exposed to direct solar gain, which it absorbs and stores
and radiate heat to the entire layout in both sunny and cloudy conditions.
3. Water Wall
•One of the most important indirect-gain passive solar building type is the water
wall, in which the sun`s rays are intercepted beyond the collector glazing by a
water storage mass, then converted into heat and distributed by convection and
radiation to the living space .
•The water wall involves the same principles as the mass wall, but employs a
different storage material and different methods of containing that material
3. Isolated Gain
It is a natural convective loop. In this system solar radiation is
absorbed to heat air or water. The warm air or water rises and
passes through the storage, transferring its heat.
Sunrooms:
• It employ a combination of direct gain and indirect gain system
features.
• Sunlight entering the sunroom is retained in the thermal mass
and air of the room.
• Sunlight is brought into the house by means of conduction
through a shared mass wall in the rear of the sunroom, or by
vents that permit the air between the sunroom and living space
to be exchanged by convection.
EXAMPLE
Inspector General of Police (I.G.P.) Complex, Gulbarga, India
• Designed by Kembhavi architecture foundation India.
• The IGP office in Gulbarga has become the first government office to get a green
rating.
• Air conditioners have not been installed.
• Temperature is always below 28 degrees Celsius inside the building complex.
• Walls made of composite stone & brick masonry with rat traps (space) separating the
two.
• Wind towers or reverse chimneys reduce the temperature by 10 degrees Celsius.
• Rainwater harvesting (RWH) structures installed at the project.
• Solar energy met the power requirements of the building.
• The complex has large windows for capturing maximum sunlight.
• Even when the temperature outside goes much beyond 44 degrees Celsius, this
building in Gulbarga maintains sub 28 degrees Celsius inside.
• Summer is pleasant for the end users who are working in it.
• Estimated Savings = Approx. Rs. 3.5 lakhs/ annum Simple Payback Period 5 years.
Building Cooling technique:
• Wind towers: Wind towers or reverse chimneys which reduce the temperature inside the
complex by 10°C. The complex has 10 wind towers and they run down to the ground along the
rooms. These towers made of "passive architecture" provide cool air to almost all the rooms of the
complex.
The hot air from the atmosphere enters to the towers and is cooled by water that trickles down
along the walls of the towers. The cool air enters each room through a ventilator located in the
room. The cool air stays for sometime in the room before moving out as a hot air through another
ventilator. The water is collected in a tank, pumped up to a tank on the roof.
• Walls: Walls are made of composite stone and brick masonry with rat traps (space) separating the
stone and the brick. The rat trap between the two helps in insulating the building against heat
from solar radiation.
• Effective use of water: The Corporation has built rainwater harvesting (RWH) structures for
collecting both the surface water and the rooftop water. The RWH structures include several
percolation pits, infiltration pits, and a rainwater storage tank. A small sewage treatment plant
has been provided and makes use of the sewage water for gardening and other non-domestic
purposes.
• Light harvesting: The complex has large vertical windows for capturing maximum sunlight. This is
made possible by placing the windows in the direction of the movement of the sun. One can get
sunlight till 7 p.m. during summer
