8-3 Circular Functions
Unit 8 Trigonometric and Circular Functions
Concepts and Objectives
Unit Circle and Circular Functions (Obj. #28)
Use the unit circle to define values for trig functions.
Determine the measure of an angle based on the
coordinates of its trig value.
Determine linear and angular speed of a rotating
point.
Unit Circle
2 1 3 1 3
,
3 2 2 2
0,1 ,
3 2 2
2 2
3 2 2
, ,
4 2 2 4
2 2
5 3 1 3 1
, ,
6 2 2 6 2 2
1,0 0 1,0
7 3 1 11 3 1
, ,
6 2 2 6 2 2
5 2 2 7 2 2
, ,
4 2 2 4 2 2
4 1 3 5 1 3
3 ,
,
3 2 2
0, 1 3 2 2
2
Circular Functions
The circular functions of real numbers correspond to the
trigonometric functions of angles measured in radians.
y
(cos s, sin s) = (x, y)
s=
The trig functions and the
circular functions lead to the
r x
same function values,
provided we think of the
angles as being in radian
measure.
Circular Functions
7 5
Example: Find the exact values of cos and tan
4 3
Circular Functions
7 5
Example: Find the exact values of cos and tan
4 3
7 2
cos s = x, so the x-coordinate at cos
4 2
y 5 1 3
tan s , and at , the coordinates are ,
x 3 2 2
3
y 3 3 1 3 2
2 3 or 3
x 1 1 2 2 2 1
2
Approximating Circular Functions
Example: Find a calculator approximation for each
circular function value.
(a) cos 1.85 (b) cot 1.3209 (c) sec(–2.9234)
Approximating Circular Functions
Example: Find a calculator approximation for each
circular function value.
(a) cos 1.85 (b) cot 1.3209 (c) sec(–2.9234)
Make sure your calculator is in radians mode!
(a) cos 1.85 ≈ –.2756
(b) cot 1.3209 = (tan 1.3209)–1 ≈ .2552
(c) sec(–2.9234) = (cos(–2.9234))–1 ≈ –1.0243
Approximating Circular Functions
Example: Approximate the value of s in the interval 0,
if cos s = .9685. 2
Approximating Circular Functions
Example: Approximate the value of s in the interval 0,
if cos s = .9685. 2
cos–1 .9685 ≈ .2517
Since this value is in the quadrant given, this is our
value.
Approximating Circular Values
3
Example: Approximate the value of s in , if
cos s = –.367. 2
Approximating Circular Values
3
Example: Approximate the value of s in , if
cos s = –.367. 2
cos–1 –.367 ≈ 1.947.
However, in the quadrant given, the cosine should be
negative. Therefore, the answer would be –1.947.
Exact Circular Values
3
Example: Find the exact value of s in the interval ,
if tan s = 1. 2
Exact Circular Values
3
Example: Find the exact value of s in the interval ,
if tan s = 1. 2
5
tan s = 1 when x = y, which occurs at in the given
interval. 4
Linear and Angular Speed
Suppose that point P moves at
a constant speed along a circle
of radius r. The measure of y
how fast the position of P is P
changing is called linear speed.
s
If v represents linear speed,
then
distance r x
speed
time
s
v
t
Linear and Angular Speed
As point P moves along the
circle, ray OP rotates around
the origin. The measure of how y
fast POB is changing is called P
angular speed.
s
Angular speed, symbolized ,
is given as
O r B x
t
where is in radians.
Linear and Angular Speed
Example: Suppose that point P is on a circle with radius
10 cm, and ray OP is rotating with angular speed /18
radians per second.
(a) Find the angle generated by P in 6 sec.
(b) Find the distance traveled by P in 6 sec.
(c) Find the linear speed of P in centimeters per second.
Linear and Angular Speed
Example: Suppose that point P is on a circle with radius
10 cm, and ray OP is rotating with angular speed /18
radians per second.
(a) Find the angle generated by P in 6 sec.
18
18 6
6
radians
18 3
Linear and Angular Speed
Example: Suppose that point P is on a circle with radius
10 cm, and ray OP is rotating with angular speed /18
radians per second.
(b) Find the distance traveled by P in 6 sec.
s r
10
s 10 cm
3 3
Linear and Angular Speed
Example: Suppose that point P is on a circle with radius
10 cm, and ray OP is rotating with angular speed /18
radians per second.
(c) Find the linear speed of P in centimeters per second.
s
v
t
10
3 10 5
v cm/sec
6 18 9
Homework
College Algebra (brown book)
Page 580: 9-42 (3s), 54-87 (3s)
Turn in: 18, 30, 54, 60, 66, 72, 84
Classwork: Algebra & Trigonometry (green book)
Page 726: 15-36 (3s)
