KEY CONCEPTS ON
FUNCTIONS
KELVIN P. MENESES
FUNCTIONS
DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Relation – It is a set of ordered pairs.
• Function – It is a relation in which each element of the domain
corresponds to exactly one element of the range.
FUNCTIONS
Functions can be represented in different ways
• A table of values
• Ordered pairs
• Graph
• Equation
FUNCTIONS
Which of the following relations are functions?
f = {(1, 2), (2, 2), (3, 5), (4,5)}
g = {(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 7)}
h = {(1, 3), (2, 6), (3, 9), … , (n, 3n)}
FUNCTIONS
Determine whether the relationship given in the mapping
diagram is a function.
One-to-one
(function)
FUNCTIONS
Determine whether the relationship given in the mapping
diagram is a function.
Not a function
FUNCTIONS
Determine whether the relationship given in the mapping
diagram is a function.
Many-to-one
(function)
VERTICAL LINE TEST
A graph represents a function if and only if each vertical line
intersects the graph at most once.
VERTICAL LINE TEST
Which of the following graphs can be graphs of functions?
VERTICAL LINE TEST
Which of the following graphs can be graphs of functions?
FUNCTIONS
Which of the following equations describe a function?
• y = 2x + 1
• x² + y² = 1
• x² + y – 4 = 0
•
• y = x² - 2x + 2
• y=
• y=
DOMAIN AND RANGE
DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Domain is the set of first coordinates.
• Range is the set of second coordinates.
NOTE
Presented below are some restrictions to consider when finding
the domain and range of some functions that involve the
following:
• Radicals with even indices: Radicands must be nonnegative (i.e
radicand is greater than or equal to zero).
• Fractions: Denominators must not be equal to zero.
DOMAIN AND RANGE
Find the domain and range of the following relation.
1. {(1, 2), (2, 2), (3, 5), (4, 5)
Domain
Range
2. {(1, -1), (2, -3), (0, 5), (-1, 3), (4, -5), (-1, 5), (4, -4)}
Domain
Range
DOMAIN AND RANGE
Find the domain and range of the following relation.
3. Domain
Range
DOMAIN AND RANGE
Find the domain and range of the following relation.
4. Domain
Range
DOMAIN AND RANGE
Find the domain and range of the following relation.
5. Domain
Range
PIECEWISE FUNCTIONS
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Piecewise Functions
- It is a function that is defined by two or more equations
where each equations applies to a certain interval over a
specified domain.
PIECEWISE FUNCTIONS
Given the piecewise function
Find f(0) and f(-3).
PIECEWISE FUNCTIONS
Sketch the graph of the given piecewise function. What is f(-5)? What
is f(3)?
https://www.desmos.com/calculator
PIECEWISE FUNCTIONS
A user charged Php 300 monthly for a particular mobile plan,
which includes 100 free text messages. Messages in excess of
100 are charged Php 1 each. Represent the amount a customer
pays each month as a function of the number of messages m
sent in a month.
EVALUATING FUNCTIONS
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Evaluating a Function means replacing the variable in the
function, in this case x, with a value from the function’s domain
and computing for the result. To denote that we are evaluating f
at a for some a in the domain of f, we write f(a).
EVALUATING FUNCTIONS
Evaluate the function at x = 2.
1. p(x) = x² - 2x + 2
EVALUATING FUNCTIONS
Evaluate the function at x = 3x - 1.
2. f(x) = 2x + 1
EVALUATING FUNCTIONS
Evaluate the function at x = 2x + 3.
3. g(x) = x² -2x + 2
OPERATIONS ON FUNCTIONS
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Let f and g be functions.
1. Their sum, denoted by f + g, is the function defined by (f + g)(x) = f(x) +
g(x).
2.
• Their difference, denoted by f – g, is the function defined by (f – g)(x) =
f(x) – g(x).
3. Their product, denoted by f ∙ g, is the function defined by (f ∙ g)(x) = f(x)
∙ g(x).
4. Their quotient, denoted by f/g, is the function defined by , excluding
the values of x where g(x) = 0.
OPERATIONS ON FUNCTIONS
Given: Example 1: Determine the function (f + g)(x) .
• f(x) = x² + 5x + 4
• g(x) = x² + 2x – 8
•
• h(x) =
• t(x) =
OPERATIONS ON FUNCTIONS
Given: Example 2: Determine the function (x) .
• f(x) = x² + 5x + 4
• g(x) = x² + 2x – 8
•
• h(x) =
• t(x) =
OPERATIONS ON FUNCTIONS
Given: Example 3: Determine the function (h ∙ t)(x) .
• f(x) = x² + 5x + 4
• g(x) = x² + 2x – 8
•
• h(x) =
• t(x) =
COMPOSITION OF FUNCTIONS
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Let f and g be functions. The composite function, denoted by (f ◦
g), is defined by (f ◦ g) = f(g(x)). The process of obtaining a
composite function is called function composition.
COMPOSITION OF FUNCTION
Given: Example 1: Find (q ◦ f)(x).
• f(x) = 2x + 1
• q(x) = x² - 2x + 2
• r(x) =
•
• g(x) =
• h(x) =
COMPOSITION OF FUNCTION
Given: Example 2: Find (q ◦ f)(2).
• f(x) = 2x + 1
• q(x) = x² - 2x + 2
• r(x) =
•
• g(x) =
• h(x) =
COMPOSITION OF FUNCTION
Given: Example 3: Find (f ◦ r)(x).
• f(x) = 2x + 1
• q(x) = x² - 2x + 2
• r(x) =
•
• g(x) =
• h(x) =
COMPOSITION OF FUNCTION
Given: Example 4: Find (h ◦ r)(5).
• f(x) = 2x + 1
• q(x) = x² - 2x + 2
• r(x) =
•
• g(x) =
• h(x) =
THANK YOU!
