Online Analytical Processing
OLAP
Data Warehouse provides the best opportunity for analysis and OLAP is the
vehicle for carrying out involved analysis.
• Demand for On-Line Analytical Processing
• Need For Multi-Dimensional Analysis
• Fast Access and Powerful Calculations
OLAP
Need for Multidimensional Analysis:
• “How many units of Product A did we sell in the store A, in Mumbai?”
• “How much revenue did the new product X generate during the last three
months, broken down by individual months, in the South Central
Territory, by individual stores, broken down by promotions, compared to
estimates, and compared to the previous version of the product?”
• For effective analysis, user must have easy methods of performing
complex analysis across several business dimensions.
OLAP
OLAP
Limitations of Other Analysis Methods:
Standard Methods of Information Delivery:
• Reports
• Spreadsheets
• Structured Query Language
OLAP is the Answer
OLAP
OLAP
OLAP Definition :
• The term OLAP was introduced in a paper entitled “Providing On-Line
Analytical Processing to User Analysis” by Dr. E. F. Codd in 1993.
• The paper defined 12 guidelines for an OLAP system.
• OLAP Definition: “OLAP is a category of software technology that
enables analysts, managers and executives to gain insight into data
through fast, consistent, interactive access in a wide variety of possible
views of information that has been transformed from raw data to reflect
the real dimensionality of the enterprise as understood by the user.”
OLAP
OLAP
OLAP
OLAP
OLAP
OLAP
OLAP
OLAP
Two significant aspects of OLAP are:
Drill-down & Roll-up
Slice-and-Dice or Rotation
OLAP
OLAP
OLAP
OLAP
Types of OLAP Models:
MOLAP (Multidimensional OLAP)
ROLAP (Relational OLAP)
MOLAP (Multidimensional OLAP)
OLAP engine resides on a special server.
Implemented by storing data multidimensionally,
so data is stored in the form of multidimensional
hypercube.
Special extraction & aggregation jobs are done
to create data cubes in MDDB from the relational
database of DW.
Special server present s the data as OLAP cubes
for processing bye the user.
ROLAP (Relational OLAP)
OLAP engine resides on the desktop.
Prefabricated data cubes are not created
beforehand & stored in special databases.
OLAP
OLAP
OLAP
OLAP
OLAP
Data Design and Considerations:
• An OLAP system stores and uses much less data compared to a data
warehouse.
• Data in the OLAP system is summarized. You will find data at the lowest
level of detail in the data warehouse.
• OLAP data is more flexible for processing and analysis partly because
there is much less data to work with.
• OLAP data tends to be more departmentalized, whereas data in the data
warehouse serves corporate-wide needs.
OLAP
Data Design and Considerations:
• Define Subset
• Summarize
• Denormalize
• Calculate and Derive
• Index
OLAP
Types & levels of data in OLAP systems:
OLAP
Administration and Performance:
OLAP Platforms:
• Where does the OLAP system physically reside? Should it be on the
same platform as the main data ware-house?
OLAP
Implementation Steps:
• Dimensional modeling
• Design and building of the MDDB
• Selection of the data to be moved into the OLAP system
• Data acquisition or extraction for the OLAP system
• Data loading into the OLAP server
• Computation of data aggregation and derived data
• Implementation of application on the desktop
• Provision for user training
OLAP
Summary:
