Week 2.
1
Grammar
ELPC
PT.Moh
Present Perfect Simple
has/have+ past participle V3
The present perfect tenses of verbs, simple and continuous, are formed as follows:
Present Perfect Simple
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
Long Form Contracted Form
I have done I have not done I haven't done Have I done?
You have done You have not done You haven't done Have you done?
He/she/it has done He/she/it has not He/she/it hasn't Has he/she/it
done done done?
We have done We have not done We haven't done Have we done ?
You have done You have not done You haven't done Have you done?
They have done They have not done They haven't done Have they done?
• The present perfect simple is used to refer to the
finished part of a continuous action.
It emphasises the completion of an action and its results.
So far in my English course: I have learnt new vocabulary.
• I have revised some grammar rules.
(My English course is not finished, but I have finished some
of the lessons.)
Present Perfect Continuous
has/have + been + verb (ing)
Present Perfect Continuous
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
Long Form Contracted Form
I have been doing I have not been I haven't been doing Have I been doing?
doing
You have not been You haven't been Have you been
You have been doing
doing doing doing?
He/she/it has been He/she/it has not He/she/it hasn't Has he/she/it been
doing been doing been doing doing?
We have not been We haven't been Have we been
We have been doing
doing doing doing ?
You have been doing You have not been You haven't been Have you been
doing doing doing?
They have been They have not been They haven't been Have they been
doing doing doing doing?
• The present perfect continuous tense is used
to refer to an action which started in the past
and continues today. It emphasises the
uninterrupted progress of an action.
I have been learning English since September.
(I started in September and I continue to take
lessons today.)
• Example:
Today is your English Revision day. It is now 2 p.m.
• At 9 o'clock this morning you started your revision work. At 2
pm the day is not finished, so you can say :
"I have been revising my English since 9 o'clock this morning."
(You are still revising your English, so the continuous form is
used.)
However, you have completed part of the revision work, so
you can say, for example:
"So far today I have revised tenses and irregular verbs."
• The following should be noted:
1) Some verbs can be used in both forms with no change in meaning.
With some verbs such as live and work, the present perfect simple OR continuous can
generally be used with no difference in meaning.
I've lived/I've worked here for 10 years.
I've been living/I've been working here for 10 years.
• However, only the present perfect simple is used with 'always'.
• I've always lived here NOT I've always been living here.
2) Stative Verbs
Stative verbs have no continuous form.
Stative verbs are verbs that denote possession, mental states or emotions,
for example: own, belong, know, believe, like, wish ...
We can say: "I’ve known Bob for 20 years" NOT "I have been knowing Bob for 20 years".
• 1. How long (you learn) ---------English?
2. How many cigarettes (you smoke)---------- this afternoon?
3. Sophie (work)---------- in London since 2010.
4. My father has had his watch------- a long time.
5. How many years (you live)-------- in Tokyo?
6. Mark is exhausted. He (play)--------- tennis--------- two hours.
7. Emily (do)------- very well at school since the beginning of the year.
8. I (wear) this sweater since 9 o'clock this morning.
9. My parents (know) Laura for many years.
10. Peter (attend) English classes------- two years.
11. My best friend (always hate) fish.
12. How many chapters of the book (read)-------- so far?
13. Tom (wait)-------- for the bus------- a long time.
14. Amy (listen)-------- carefully to the teacher--------- the beginning of the lesson.
15. How long (be) a member of the tennis club?
