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Bash Shell On MAC and Linux

Bash is a command line shell that provides access to many UNIX utilities. It allows users to efficiently run complex tasks and make them repeatable. Bash is the default shell on Linux and Mac OS systems. Some common uses of bash include file management, processing data, system administration, and scripting. The document then provides an introduction to basic bash commands and concepts like file manipulation, text filtering, jobs and processes.

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116 views13 pages

Bash Shell On MAC and Linux

Bash is a command line shell that provides access to many UNIX utilities. It allows users to efficiently run complex tasks and make them repeatable. Bash is the default shell on Linux and Mac OS systems. Some common uses of bash include file management, processing data, system administration, and scripting. The document then provides an introduction to basic bash commands and concepts like file manipulation, text filtering, jobs and processes.

Uploaded by

Senthil Nathan
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to bash shell

Why bash?
Why Bash

 Some use cases


 Bash is a command line shell  File management
 Give you access to many UNIX utilities  Processing data
 Efficiently run complex tasks  System administration
 Make them repeatable  Remote access
 Scripting
Unix:
 Open Group
 IBM aix, Solaris, HHP/UX, MacOS

UNIX,Linux and Mac OS


Gnu/LINUX
 Linux kernel, GNU Tools
 Considered “Unix-like”

UNIX Philosophy:
BSD:
Write programs that do one thing and do it
well  OpenBSD, FreeBSD, NetBSD, Mac OS
Write programs to work together
 BSD kernel, BSD Tools
 Bash is the default shell on Mac OS and Linux but tools and
utilities differ
Introduction

 Check that you are using bash : echo $BASH


 Output: “/bin/bash”

 Commands and Arguments


 Command: the first word on the input line
 Argument: Everything after that is argument
 Ex: cd downloads
 Cd is command, downloads is argument
 Options: An argument that starts with dash is called an option
 Ex: ls –a, ls –l, ls –l –a, ls –la, ls –la/bin
Basic File Management

Creating files and directories:


 Mkdir somefolder – create directory “somefolder”
 Mkdir a b c d - creates directories a, b, c, d

Creating an empty file: touch


Touch x - creates empty file x

Listing text files:


Cat- Best for small files
Less-Pager with lot of feature
- man less
-use space to move down a page
- Move back a page wit b
 Search with “/”
 Exit with “q”
Opening other files in Mac OS

 MAC OS:
 Open index.html - Opens html file in browser
 Open . – Opens current directory in Finder
 Open –a preview picture..jpg – Opens Picture.jpg with preview
Absolute paths and relative paths

Absolute paths Relative pathhs


 Start with /  Don’t start with a /
 /  Library
 /bin/bash  alice
 /var/log
 /home
Copy, Move and Delete

 Copy : cp , cp –R source_dir target_dir


 cp -R dir1 dir2 dir3 target_dir
 Cp –R dir1 file1 dir2 file2 target_dir

 Move: mv
 Mv a b
 Mv a dir/b
 Mv a b c dir
 Mv fir/a.
 Mv * dir

 Remove: rm, rmdir, rm –r


Filtering and Processing texts

 Editors: nano, Vi(vim), emacs


 Sorting:
 Command: sort
 -r reverses sort
 -n sorts numerically
 -k sorts by field
Head and Tail
 Head : head show first 10 lines of input by default, -n gives no.of lines
 Tail: Show last 10 linnes off i/p by default, -n givesno..of lines
Searching with GREP

 Grep searches for text in file – grep string file


 Or multiple files – grep string *
 Imp Options: -I makes search case-insensitive, -c counts occurences, -l shows linne number of occurrence, -v
inverts the search
Advanced tools

Sed
 Stream editor
 Transform text
 Replace words
 Most common use: to replace “old” with “new”
 Sed ‘s/old/new/g’

Awk
 Complete programming language
Jobs and Processes

Job control
 ^Z Suspends a running job
 Fg – send job to foreground
 Bg- send job to background
 Background jobs : cannot read i/p rfom user,
Killing

 End any program with kill


 Kill by job id: kill %2, kill %cp
 Kill by process id: kill 1234
 Hard kill with -KILL

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