EMBEDDED SYSTEM
PROGRAMMING
Manasvi Mehta
BCA-16
Roll No.- 0800818093
UPTEC Computer Consultancy
Allahabad
Content of the Presentation
Introduction-What is an embedded system
History
Categories of embedded system
Overview of embedded system architecture
Characteristics
Specialties of embedded systems
Recent trends in embedded systems
Application areas
Conclusion
Reference
Introduction to Embedded System
What is an Embedded System?
An embedded system is some combination of computer hardware &
software, either fixed in capability or programmable, that is specifically
designed for a particular kind of application device
Embedded System Design : H/W +S/W
» Application Software
» OS (porting or design)
» Device Driver
» Hardware (target platform)
History
One of the first recognizably modern embedded systems was the
Apollo Guidance Computer, developed by Charles Stark Draper at the
MIT Instrumentation Laboratory
An early mass-produced embedded system was the Autonetics D-17
guidance computer for the Minuteman missile, released in 1961
Since these early applications in the 1960s, embedded systems have
come down in price and there has been a dramatic rise in processing
power and functionality.
The first microprocessor for example, the Intel 4004, was designed
for calculators and other small systems but still required many
external memory and support chips. In 1978 National Engineering
Manufacturers Association released a "standard" for programmable
microcontrollers, including almost any computer-based controllers,
such as single board computers, numerical, and event-based
controllers.
Categories of Embedded System
Stand-alone Embedded Systems
Real time Sytems
Network Information Appliances
Overview of Embedded System
Architecture
Building Block of Hardware of an
Embedded System
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Input Devices
Output Devices
Memory
Software in Embedded System
Software : Device driver + OS + Application program
Device driver
Digital IO (GPIO-LED, Relay, Switch,…) , ADC, DAC, U(S)ART,
Timer/counter, WDT, I2C, SPI, PWM, Actuator, Sensor, Touch screen, IRDA,
Network (Ethernet, X.25, Wireless...), USB, IEEE1394 (Firewire), Audio,
Video Graphic, LCD, Keyboard, Mouse, DMAC, Bluetooth
OS or non-OS
OS roles and missions
→ Process Management : Task scheduling, Context switching
→ Resource Management : CPU, MMU, Disk, I/O devices
→ File System : FAT, NTFS, EXT2/3, JFS, NFS
→ Device Driver : I/O, Network
→ GUI, Security, ...
Embedded system OS
→Multi-tasking, Network, Multimedia, Portable, Preemptive, Deterministic
(Hard Real-time), Robust & Reliable
Characterstics
Embedded systems are designed to do some specific
task, rather than be a general-purpose computer for
multiple tasks. Some also have real-time
performance constraints that must be met, for reasons
such as safety and usability; others may have low or
no performance requirements, allowing the system
hardware to be simplified to reduce costs.
User interface
Processors in embedded systems
Ready made computer boards
Peripherals
Tools
Debugging
Reliability
Specialties of Embedded Systems
Software Up gradation capability
Performance
Power Consumption
Cost
Size
Recent Trends in Embedded Systems
Communication Interfaces and Networking
Capability
Programming Languages
Operating Systems
Mobile Devices
Processor Power
Applications Areas
Automative
Industrial Contol
Ignition System
Engine Control Robotics
Brake System Consumer Electronic Control System
TV Art.Satellies
Set-Top Box Missiles
PDA Nuclear Reactors
Kitchen Application Space Stations
Medical
Toys/Games Shuttles
Infusion Pumps
Dialysis Machine
Telephone/Cell Phones
Prosthetic Device Camera/GPS
Cardiac Monitor Office Automation
Fax
Copier
Networking Printers
Router Scanners
Hubs Card Readers
Gateways Monitors
Conclusion
Thus embedded systems contain programmed
instruction running via processor chips. They
perform control, protection & monitoring tasks.
In broad terms embedded systems are
programmable devices or systems which are
generally used to control or monitor things like
processes machinery, environmental
equipment & communications.
References
Embedded Systems Architecture, Designing
and Programming – By Rajkamal
Embedded Systems Programming and
Designing – By Michael Barr
Designing Of embedded Hardware – By John
Keysoukisi
Embedded System Design – By Frank Vahid
www.embedded.com
www.nptel.iitm.ac.in
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