Computer Applications
Assignment Presentation
Artificial Intelligence
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
One of the booming technologies of computer science is
Artificial Intelligence which is ready to create a new
revolution in the world by making intelligent
machines.The Artificial Intelligence is now all around us.
It is currently working with a variety of subfields, ranging
from general to specific, such as self-driving cars,
playing chess, proving theorems, playing music,
Painting, etc.Artificial Intelligence is composed of two
words Artificial and Intelligence ,where the Artificial
defines "man-made," and intelligence defines "thinking
power", hence AI means "a man-Artificial intelligence,
defined as intelligence exhibited by machines, has
many applications in today's society.
HISTORY OF ARTFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE
The history of Artificial Intelligence (AI) began in antiquity, with myths,
stories and rumors of artificial beings endowed with intelligence or
consciousness by master craftsmen. The seeds of modern AI were planted
by classical philosophers who attempted to describe the process of human
thinking as the mechanical manipulation of symbols. The field
of AI research was founded at a workshop held on the campus
of Dartmouth College during the summer of 1956. Those who attended
would become the leaders of AI research for decades. Many of them
predicted that a machine as intelligent as a human being would exist in no
more than a generation and they were given millions of dollars to make this
vision come true.Investment and interest in AI boomed in the first decades
of the 21st century, when machine learning was successfully applied to
many problems in academia and industry due to the presence of powerful
computer hardware.
BASICS OF ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a rapidly advancing technology, made possible by the Internet, that may soon have
significant impacts on our everyday lives. AI traditionally refers to an artificial creation of human-like intelligence
that can learn, reason, plan, perceive, or process natural language .
Although artificial intelligence evokes thoughts of science fiction, artificial intelligence already has many uses
today, for example:
Email filtering: Email services use artificial intelligence to filter incoming emails. Users can train their spam
filters by marking emails as “spam”.
Personalization: Online services use artificial intelligence to personalize your experience. Services, like
Amazon or Netflix, “learn” from your previous purchases and the purchases of other users in order to
recommend relevant content for you.
Fraud detection: Banks use artificial intelligence to determine if there is strange activity on your account.
Unexpected activity, such as foreign transactions, could be flagged by the algorithm.
Speech recognition: Applications use artificial intelligence to optimize speech recognition functions.
Examples include intelligent personal assistants, e.g. Amazon’s “Alexa” or Apple’s “Siri”.
Problems in AI
Knowledge Representation
Gather the "commonsense knowledge" known to the average person
into a database containing extensive knowledge about the world.
Objects, properties, categories and relations between objects;situations,
events, states and time; causes and effects; knowledge about knowledge
(what we know about what other people know)
Most difficult problems:
1. Default reasoning and the qualification problem
2.The breadth of commonsense knowledge
3.The subsymbolic form of some commonsense knowledge
Natural Language Processing (NLP)
Gives machines the ability to read and understand human language
Embody a full understanding of commonsense reasoning
"Keyword spotting" strategies for search are popular and scalable but dumb
Lack the semantic understanding required to classify isolated sentences well
Social Intelligence
Able to predict the actions of others by understanding their motives and emotional states would
allow an agent to make better decisions
Mimic human emotion and expressions to appear more sensitive to the emotional dynamics of
human interaction
Distributed multi-agent coordination of autonomous vehicles remains a difficult problem
Moderate successes of affective computing ( artificial emotional intelligence) include
textual sentiment analysis and multimodal affect analysis , wherein AI classifies the affects displayed
by a videotaped subject.
APPLICATION OF
AI
1)HealthCare
Robots is an AI device that automatically captures and analyzes the patient’s information.
It’s absolutely capable to take care of the first doctor-patient encounter.
It can even provide an initial diagnosis, which would help in future treatment.
It takes the patient’s information and processes it.
Then it makes logical suggestions to the doctor, so it can help them identify the issue and proceed to adequate
treatment.
2)ART
• The technique is called style transfer and it uses deep neural networks to replicate,
recreate and blend styles of artwork.
• It identifies and combines stylistic elements of one image and applies them to
another.
• No artistic or coding experience required.
• This use of AI to impersonate and remix artwork has had varying degrees of “artistic”
success, from this Dinosaur x Flower mash-up by Chris Rodley that went viral.
3)MILITARY
The modern uses of AI in military is to automat a vehicle in long distance way across many land
shapes difficulties.
AI machines can help reducing the risk of life loss in wars.
They can be more efficient than regular soldiers.
They are less in cost about ten times than the cost of human soldiers.
UAV can be used also for attacks, beside the exploration.
PHILOSOPHY Can a machine be
intelligent?
1. The AI Effect Can it “think”?
Machine are already intelligent but people
have failed to recognize it.
When Deep Blue beat Garry
Example Kasparov in chess compition, the
machine was acting intelligently.
However, people are arguing that it is not “real” intelligence after all.
Thus, “real intelligence is whatever intelligent behaviour people can do that
machines still cannot.
This is known as the AI Effect : “AI is whatever hasn’t
been done yet”
2. Does machine have consciousness??
David Chalmers identified two problems in
understanding the mind, which he named
the “easy” and “hard” problems.
EASY HARD
Understanding how brain Explaining how this feels or why
process signals, makes plans and it should feel like anything at all.
control behaviour.
Hence, human information processing is easy to explain but human subjective
experience is difficult to explain.
3. Robot rights
If a machine has intelligent, could it also have
feelings?
If it can feel, does it have the same rights as a
human?
• Some critics of transhumanism argue that any hypothetical robot rights
would lie on spectrum with animal rights and human rights.
4. Transhumanism
Robot designer Hans Moravec,
Cyberneticist Kevin Warwick and
inventor Ray Kurzweil have predicted
that humans and machines will merge
in the future into cyborg that are more
capable and powerful than either. This
is called transhumanism.
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