Web Design

Lecture-1A
Instructor: Vishal Chawla
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Network
computers connected together for the purpose of communicating and sharing
resources

Source: Basics of Web Design (HTML5 and CSS3)

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The Client/Server Model
 The Internet
Client/Server Model
 Client: Web Browser
 Server: Web Server

Source: Basics of Web Design (HTML5 and CSS3)

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Internet Protocols

 Protocols
› Rules that describe the methods used for clients and servers to communicate with
each other over a network.

 Internet has number of protocols working

together

Source: Basics of Web Design (HTML5 and CSS3)

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Hypertext Transfer Protocol

A set of rules for exchanging files such as text, graphic

images, sound, video, and other multimedia files on the
Web.
HTTP Request

HTTP Response

 Web browsers send HTTP requests for web pages and their associated files.

 Web servers send HTTP responses back to the web browsers.

Source: Basics of Web Design (HTML5 and CSS3)

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IPAddress and Domain Name

 Each device connected to the Internet has a unique numeric IP address.

 Domain Name locates an organization or other entity on the Internet

 Domain Name System

◦ Divides the Internet into logical groups and understandable names
◦ Associates unique computer IP Addresses with the text-based domain names you type into a
web browser
◦ Browser: http://google.com
◦ IP Address: 74.125.73.106

Source: Basics of Web Design (HTML5 and CSS3)

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URI - Uniform Resource Indicator

URL
Uniform Resource Locator
Represents the address of a resource on the Internet.

Source: Basics of Web Design (HTML5 and CSS3)

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Top-Level Domain Name
 A top-level domain (TLD) identifies the right-most part of the domain name.

 Some generic TLDs:

.com, .org, .net, .mil, .gov, .edu, .int, .aero, .asia, .cat, .jobs, .name, .biz, .museum, .info, .
coop, .pro, .travel

Source: Basics of Web Design (HTML5 and CSS3)

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Domain Name System

The Domain Name System (DNS) associates

Domain Names with IP addresses.

Source: Basics of Web Design (HTML5 and CSS3)

 Markup Languages
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 SGML – Standard Generalized Markup Language

› A standard for specifying a markup language or tag set

 HTML – Hypertext Markup Language

› The set of markup symbols or codes placed in a file intended for display on a web
browser.
 Element or tag – individual markup code
 Attribute – modifies the purpose of a tag

Source: Basics of Web Design (HTML5 and CSS3)

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Markup Languages
 XML – eXtensible Markup Language

 A text-based language designed to describe, deliver, and exchange structured information.

 It is not intended to replace HTML –

it is intended to extend the power of HTML by separating data from presentation.

Source: Basics of Web Design (HTML5 and CSS3)

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Markup Languages
 XHTML – eXtensible Hypertext Markup Language

 Developed by the W3C as the reformulation of HTML 4.0 as

an application of XML.

 It combines the formatting strengths of HTML 4.0 and the data

structure and extensibility strengths of XML.

Source: Basics of Web Design (HTML5 and CSS3)

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Markup Languages
 HTML 5

› The next version of HTML 4 and XHTML 1

 Incorporates features of both HTML and XHTML
 Adds new elements
 Eliminates some elements
 Intended to be backward compatible

› http://www.w3.org/html/

Source: Basics of Web Design (HTML5 and CSS3)

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Under the Hood of
a Web Page
DTD – describes the markup language syntax
HTML element– contains the web page document
Head element – contains the head section
The head section contains information that describes the
web page document
Title element– Text displays in title bar of window
Meta element – describes the character encoding
Body element – contains the body section

The body section contains the text and elements that

display in the browser viewport.
Student Resources URL

 http://www.pearsonhighered.com/cs-resources/products/product.html#product,isbn=01339
70744

 http://www.pearsonhighered.com/felke-morris
16 The Paragraph Element
<p> tag
 Paragraph element
<p> …paragraph goes here… </p>

 Groups sentences and sections of text together.

 Configures empty space above and below the paragraph

Source: Basics of Web Design (HTML5 and CSS3)

17 The Line Break Element
<br> tag
 Line Break element
 Stand-alone tag
 Called a void element in HTML5

…text goes here <br>

This starts on a new line….

 Causes the next element or text to display on a new line

Source: Basics of Web Design (HTML5 and CSS3)

 The Horizontal Rule Element
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<hr> tag
 Horizontal Rule element
 void element

<hr >

 Configures a horizontal line on the page

 In HTML5, it should be used to indicate a thematic break at the paragraph level

Source: Basics of Web Design (HTML5 and CSS3)

19 The Blockquote Element
<blockquote>
 Blockquote element
 Indents a block of text for special emphasis

<blockquote>
…text goes here…
</blockquote>

Source: Basics of Web Design (HTML5 and CSS3)

 Phrase Elements
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 Indicate the context and meaning of the text
 Display inline with the text

 Common Phrase Elements

<b></b>
Text is displayed in bold font

 <strong></strong>
Text has strong importance and is displayed in bold

 <i></i>
Text is displayed in italic font

 <em></em>
Text has emphasis and is displayed in italic font
Source: Basics of Web Design (HTML5 and CSS3)
 Proper Nesting
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CODE:
<p><i>Call for a free quote for your web development needs: <strong>222.555.5555
</strong></i></p>

BROWSER DISPLAY:

Call for a free quote for your web development needs: 222.555.5555

Source: Basics of Web Design (HTML5 and CSS3)

22 HTML List Basics

 Unordered List
 Description List (XHTML Definition List)
 Ordered List

Source: Basics of Web Design (HTML5 and CSS3)

23 Unordered List
 Displays information with bullet points
 Unordered List Element
<ul>
Contains the unordered list

 List Item Element

<li>
Contains an item in the list

Source: Basics of Web Design (HTML5 and CSS3)

24 Unordered List Example
<h1>My Favorite Colors</h1>
<ul>
<li>Blue</li>
<li>Teal</li>
<li>Read</li>
</ul>

Source: Basics of Web Design (HTML5 and CSS3)

25 Ordered List
 Conveys information in an ordered fashion
 Ordered List Element
<ol>
Contains the ordered list
 type attribute determines numbering scheme of list
 default is numerals
 List Item Element
<li>
Contains an item in the list

Source: Basics of Web Design (HTML5 and CSS3)

26 Ordered List Example
<ol>
<li>Apply to school</li>
<li>Register for course</li>
<li>Pay tuition</li>
<li>Attend course</li>
</ol>

Source: Basics of Web Design (HTML5 and CSS3)

 Description List
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 Formerly called a definition list in XHTML and HTML 4.0
 Uses:
 Display a list of terms and descriptions
 Display a list of FAQ and answers

 The Description List element

<dl> tag
Contains the definition list

 The dt Element
<dt>
tag
Contains a term or name

 The dd Element
<dd>tag
Contains a definition or description
Indents the text
28 Description List Example
<dl>
<dt>IP</dt>
<dd>Internet Protocol</dd>
<dt>TCP</dt>
<dd>Transmission Control Protocol</dd>
</dl>

Source: Basics of Web Design (HTML5 and CSS3)

29 Special Entity Characters
Display special characters such as quotes, copyright
symbol, etc.

Character Code
© &copy;
< &lt;
> &gt;
& &amp;
&nbsp;

Source: Basics of Web Design (HTML5 and CSS3)

 The div element
30 <div>

 Purpose:
 Configure a specially formatted division or area of a
web page

 Block display with empty space above and below

the div

 Can contain other block display and inline display

elements
Source: Basics of Web Design (HTML5 and CSS3)
 HTML5 Structural Elements
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 Header Element
<header></header>
Contains the headings

 Nav Element main

<nav></nav>
Contains the main navigation

 Main Element
<main></main>
Contains the main content

 Footer Element
<footer></footer>
Contains the footer
Source: Basics of Web Design (HTML5 and CSS3)
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The Anchor Element
<a>
 The anchor element
 Inline display element

Specifies a hyperlink reference (href) to a file

Text between the <a> and </a> is displayed on the web page.

<a href="contact.html">Contact Us</a>

 href Attribute
 Indicates the file name or URL
Web page document, photo, pdf, etc.

Source: Basics of Web Design (HTML5 and CSS3)

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More on Hyperlinks
 Absolute link
 Link to other websites

<a href="http://yahoo.com">Yahoo</a>

 Relative link
 Link to pages on your own site
 Relative to the current page

<a href="index.html">Home</a>

Source: Basics of Web Design (HTML5 and CSS3)

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Opening a Link
in a New Browser Window
 The target attribute on the anchor element opens a link in
a new browser window or new browser tab.
<a href="http://yahoo.com" target="_blank">Yahoo!</a>

Source: Basics of Web Design (HTML5 and CSS3)

 Email Hyperlinks
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 Automatically launch the default mail program configured for the browser
 If no browser default is configured,
a dialog box is displayed

<a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a>

Source: Basics of Web Design (HTML5 and CSS3)

36 Writing Valid HTML
 Check your code for syntax errors

 Benefit:
 Valid code 
more consistent browser display

 W3C HTML Validation Tool

 http://validator.w3.org
 Additional HTML5 Validation Tool
 http://html5.validator.nu

Source: Basics of Web Design (HTML5 and CSS3)