Basketball

PE 4- Team Sports
Ms. Rouselle May A. Regio
History
• Basketball was invented by James Naismith, a Canadian American
physical education instructor at the International YMCA Training
School in Springfield, Massachusetts. In December of 1891, the
director of the school, Dr. Luther Halsey Gulick, asked Naismith to find
a physical activity to occupy a “class of incorrigibles.” Naismith may
have had other motivations as well. Naismith wanted to create a
game of skill for the students instead of one that relied solely on
strength. He needed a game that could be played indoors in a
relatively small space. And he wanted to keep his football players in
shape off- season.
• The International Basketball Federation was formed in 1932 by eight
founding nations: Argentina, Czechoslovakia, Greece, Italy, Latvia,
Portugal, Romania and Switzerland. At this time, the organization only
oversaw amateur players. Its acronym, derived from the French Fédération
Internationale de Basketball Amateur, was thus “FIBA”. Men’s Basketball
was first included at the Berlin 1936 Summer Olympics, although a
demonstration tournament was held in 1904. The United States defeated
Canada in the first final, played outdoors. This competition has usually
been dominated by the United States, whose team has won all but three
titles, the first loss in a controversial final game in Munich in 1972 against
the Soviet Union. In 1950 the first FIBA World Championship for men was
held in Argentina. Three years later, the first FIBA World Championships
for Women was held in Chile. Women’s Basketball was added to the
Olympics in 1976, which were held in Montreal, Canada with teams such
as the Soviet Union, Brazil and Australia rivaling the American squads.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q7SIQhiJNfY
Nature of the Game
• Basketball is a team sport. Two teams of five players each try to score by
shooting a ball through a hoop elevated 10 feet above the ground. The game
is played on a rectangular floor called the court, and there is a hoop at each
end. The court is divided into two main sections by the mid-court line. If the
offensive team puts the ball into play behind the mid-court line, it has ten
seconds to get the ball over the mid- court line. If it doesn’t, then the defense
gets the ball. Once the offensive team gets the ball over the mid-court line, it
can no longer have possession of the ball in the area in back of the line. If it
does, the defensive is awarded the ball. The ball is moved down the court
toward the basket by passing or dribbling. The team with the ball is called the
offense. The team without the ball is called the defense. They try to steal the
ball, contest shots, steal and deflect passes, and garner rebounds.
• When a team makes a basket, they score two points and the ball goes
to the other team. If a basket, or field goal, is made outside of the
three- point arc, then that basket is worth 3 points. A free throw is
one point. Free throws are awarded to a team according to some
formats involving the number of fouls committed in a half and or the
type of foul committed. Fouling a shooter always results in two or
three free throws, depending upon when he shot. If he was beyond
the three- point line, then he gets three shots. Other types of fouls do
not result in free throws being awarded until a certain number have
accumulated during a half. Once that number is reached, then the
player who was fouled is awarded a ‘1-and-1’ opportunity. If he makes
his first free throw, he gets to attempt a second. If he misses the first
shot, the ball is live on the rebound.
• Each game is divided into sections. All levels have two halves. In college,
each half is twenty minutes long. In high school and below, the halves
are divided into eight (and sometimes six) minute quarters. In the pros,
quarters are twelve minutes. There is a gap of several minutes between
halves. Gaps between quarters are relatively short. If the score is tied at
the end of regulation, then overtime periods of various lengths are
played until a winner emerges.
• Each team will assign a basket or goal to defend. This means that the
other basket is their scoring basket. At halftime, the teams switch goals.
The game begins with one player from either team at center court. A
referee will toss the ball up between the two. The player that gets his
hands on the ball will tip it to a teammate. This is called a tip-off. In
addition to stealing the ball from an opposing player, there are other
ways for a team to get the ball. One such way is if the other commits a
foul or violation.
FACILITIES AND
EQUIPMENT
The Basketball Court

• The playing court shall have a flat, hard surface free from obstructions
with dimensions of twenty- eight (28)m in length by fifteen (15) m in
width measured from the inner edge of the boundary line.
The following equipment are required:
• Backstop units, consisting of:
• Backboards
• Baskets comprising (pressure release) rings and nets
• Backboards support structures including padding
Backboard support with padding
Backboard
Basket with pressure release ring & net
Basketballs
Game Clock
Scoreboard
Twenty-four (24) seconds clock
Two separate, distinctly different and loud
signals
Team foul markers
Alternating possession arrow
Rules of the Game
• Rules often change, so players and coaches must keep abreast of
these changes from time to time. The latest update was approved in
April 29, 2012 during the FIBA Central Board meeting at Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil. The FIBA Official Basketball Rules for 2012 which took
effect October 1, 2012 is the latest reference for both athletes and
coaches throughout the world
• Following are important rules extracted from the FIBA 2012 Rules. For
the details of each rule, the students or coach may refer to the full
text of the international rule.
1. TEAMS
• Each team shall consist of no more than 12 team members entitled to
play, including a captain, a coach and assistant coach. A maximum of 5
team followers who may sit on the team bench and have special
responsibilities, e.g. manager, doctor, physiotherapist, statistician,
interpreter, etc.
• Five players from each team shall be on the playing court during
playing time and may be substituted. A substitute becomes a player
and a player becomes substitute when the official beckons the
substitute to enter the playing court, and during a time-out or an
interval of play, a substitute requests the substitution to the scorer.
2. PLAYING REGULATIONS
• a. Playing Time
The game shall consist of four (4) periods of ten (10) minutes. There shall be interval of
play of twenty (20) minutes before the game is scheduled to begin. There shall be intervals
of play of two (2) minutes between the first and second period (first half), between the
third and fourth period (second half) and before each extra period. Further, there shall be a
half- time interval of play of fifteen (15) minutes.

• b. Status of the ball

The ball becomes alive when:
• During the jump ball, the ball leaves the hand(s) of the referee on the toss.
• During a free- throw, the ball is at the disposal of the free-throw shooter.
• During a throw-in, the ball is at the disposal of the player taking the throw- in.
The ball becomes dead when:
• Any field goal or free throw is made.
• An official blows his whistle while the ball is live.
• It is apparent that the ball will not enter the basket on a free
throw which is to be followed by:
- Another free throw(s)
- A fusther penalty (free throw(s) or possession).
• The game clock signals sound for the end of the period.
• He twenty-four (24) second clock signal sounds while a team is
in control of the ball.
• The ball in flight on a shot for a field goal is touched by a
player from either team after:
- An official blows his whistle.
- The game clock signal sounds for the end of the period.
- The twenty-four (24) second clock signal sounds.
3. VIOLATIONS
Definition- A violation is an infraction of the rules.

Penalty
The ball shall be awarded to the opponents for a throw-in at the
place nearest to the infraction, except directly behind the backboard,
unless otherwise stated in the rules.
A player is out-of-bounds when any part of his body is contact with
the floor or any object other than player, on, above or outside the
boundary line.
• The ball is out- of- bounds when it touches:
• A player or any other person who is out-of-bounds
• The floor or any object on, above or outside the boundary line.
• The backboard supports, the back of the backboards or any object above the playing court.

Dribbling
A dribble is the movement of a live ball caused by a player in control of that ball
who throws, taps, rolls the ball on the ball on the floor or deliberately throws it
against the backboard.

A player shall not dribble a second time after his first dribble has ended unless
between the (2) dribbles he has lost control of a live ball on playing court because
of:
• A shot for a field goal.
• A touch of the ball by an opponent
• A pass or fumble that has touched or been touched by another
Three seconds
A player shall not remain in the opponent’s restricted area for more than three (3) consecutive
seconds while his team is in control of a live ball in the frontcourt and the game clock is running.

Eight seconds
Whenever:
• A player gains control of a live ball in his backcourt,
• On a throw in, the ball touches or is illegally touched by any player in the backcourt and the
team of that player taking the throw-in remains in control of the ball in its backcourt, That
team must cause the ball to go into its frontcourt within eight (8) seconds.

Twenty- four seconds

Whenever:
• A player gains control of a live ball on the playing court,
• On a throw-in the ball touches or illegally touched by any player on the playing court and the
team of that player taking the throw-in remains in control of the ball, that team must attempt
a shot for a field goal within twenty- four (24) seconds.
Ball returned to the backcourt
The ball goes into a team’s backcourt when:
• It touches the backcourt
• It touches or is legally touched by an offensive player who has part of his body in contact
with the backcourt.
• It touches an official who has part of his body in contact with the backcourt.

4. FOULS
A foul is an infraction of the rules concerning illegal personal contact
with an opponent and/ or unsportmanlike behaviour.
Any number of fouls may be called against a team. Irrespective of
the penalty, each foul shall be charged, entered on the scoresheet
against the offender and penalized accordingly.
Personal foul is a player’s contact foul with an opponent,
whether the ball is live or dead. A player shall not block, push,
charge, tip, or impede the progress of an opponent by extending
his hand, arm, elbow, shoulder, hip, leg, knee or foot, nor by
bending his body into an ‘abnormal’ position (outside his
cylinder), nor shall be indulge in any rough of violently play.

Double foul is a situation in which two (2) opponents commit

personal foul against each other at approximately the same time.

Unsportsmanlike foul is a player contact foul which, in the

judgement of an official, is not a legitimate attempt to directly
play the ball within the spirit and intent of the rules.
Disqualifying foul is any flagarantly unsportsmanlike action of a player, substitute,
excluded player, coach, assistant coach or team follower.
Technical foul is a player non-contact foul of a behavioral in nature including, but
not limited to:
• Disregarding warnings given by officials
• Disrespectfully touching the officials or the team bench personnel.
• Disrespectfully communicating with the officials, the commissioner, the table officials or
the opponents.
• Using language or gestures likely to offend or incite the spectators
• Baiting an opponent or obstructing his vision by waiving his hands near his eyes.
• Excessive swinging of elbows.
• Delaying game by deliberately touching the ball after it passes through the basket or by
preventing a throw-in from being taken promptly.
• Falling down to fake a foul.
• Hanging on the ring in such a way that the weight of the player is supported by the ring,
unless the player grasps the ring momentarily following a dunk shot or, in the judgement
of an official, is trying to prevent injury to himself or to another player.
Charging is illegal personal contact, with or without the ball, by pushing
or moving into an opponent’s torso.

Blocking is illegal personal contact which impedes the progress of an

opponent with or without the ball.

Holding is illegal personal contact with an opponent that interferes

with his freedom of movement. This contact (holding) can occur with
any part of the body.

Pushing is illegal personal contact with any part of the body in which a
player forcibly moves or attempts to move an opponent with or
without control of the ball.
Illegal use of the hand(s) or extended arm(s) occurs when defensive
player is in a guarding position and his hand(s) or arm(s) is placed upon
and remains in contact with an opponent with or without the ball, to
impede progress.

Illegal guarding from the rear is personal contact with an opponent, by

a defensive player, from behind. The fact that the defensive player is
attempting to play the ball does not justify his contact with an
opponent from the rear.
5. GENERAL PROVISIONS
Five fouls by a player
A player who has committed five (5) fouls, personal and/or technical, shall be
informed thereof by an official and must leave the game immediately. He must be
substituted within thirty (30) seconds.

Team fouls: Penalty

A team is in team foul penalty situation when it has committed four (4) team
fouls in a period.
Free throws
A free throw is an opportunity given to a player to score one (1) point,
uncontested, from a position behind the free throw line and inside the semi-circle.
When a personal foul is called the free throw(s) shall be awarded as
follows:
• The player against whom the foul was committed shall attempt the free
throw(s)
• If there is a request for him to be substituted, he must attempt the free
throw(s) before leaving the game.
• If he must leave the game due to injury, having committed his five (5) gouls of
having been disqualified, his substitute shall attempt the free throw(s). If no
suitable player is available, any teammate as designated by his coach shall
attempt the free throw(s).

When a technical foul is called, any member of the opponent’s team

as designated by his coach shall attempt the free throws.
CORRECTABLE ERRORS
Officials may correct an error if a rule is inadvertently disregarded in
the following situations only:
• Awarding an unremited free throw(s).
• Failure to award a merited free throw (s).
• Erroneous awarding or cancelling of a point (s).
• Permitting the wrong player to attempt a free throw (s).
6. OFFICIALS, TABLE OFFICIALS,
COMMISIONERE: DUTIES & POWERS
The officials shall be a referee and one (1) or two (2) umpire(s). They shall be
assisted by the table officials and by a commissioner, if present. The table
officials shall be a scorer, an assistant scorer, a timer and a twenty-four (24)
seconds clock operator. The commissioner shall sit between scorer and the
timer. His primary duty during the game is to supervise the work of the table
officials and to assist the referee and umpire (s) in the smooth functioning of
the game.
The officials, the table officials and the commissioner shall conduct the
game in accordance with these rules and have no authority to change them.
The official’s uniform shall consist of an officals’ shirt, long black trousers, black
socks and black basketball shoes. The officials and the table officials shall be
uniformly dressed.
A. OFFICIALS’ SIGNALS
A.1 The hand signals illustrated in these rules are the only official
signals. They must be used by all officials in all games.
A.2 It is important that the table officials are familiar with these
signals.
I. SCORING
II. CLOCK-RELATED
III. ADMINISTRATIVE
IV. TYPE OF
VIOLATIONS
For listening!