Sporting Activities
Running, Jumping, and Throwing have been sporting activities
since the beginning of history and skills were used both in hunting
and war.
The Ancient Greeks, Persians, and Romans used running as part
of their military training.
The only event of the first recorded Olympic Games is Foot Race.
Events Developed Naturally from:
Hunting and war
Long jumping
Javelin throwing
Ancient games, fairs, and field days
Hammer throw
Triple jump
Hurdle races
Foot racing, both sprinting and distance running, were widely
popular in England in the latter half of the 18th century and the first
half of 19th century.
Many of the competitions were match races between professionals,
and betting, was widespread.
School and university activities began to develop from informal
sports days to more organized competition.
REASONS FOR REMARKABLE PROGRESS OF ATHLETICS
BIGGEST NAMES IN MEN’S ATHLETICS (1980’S)
United States: Great Britain:
Hurdler Edwin Moses Sebastian Coe
Sprinter Carl Lewis Soviet Union:
Morocco: Pole vaulter Sergey Bubka
Distance runners Said Aouita Great Britain:
Decathlon Athlete Daley Thompson
WOMEN’S EVENT
East Germany: United States: (major figures in the 1980’s.)
Sprinter Marita Koch Sprinter Florence Griffith Joyner
Sprinter and long jumper Long jumper and heptathlon competitor
Heike Drechsler Jackie Joyner-Kersee
The Asia’s fastest woman for almost a decade is the pride of the Philippines
having Lydia de Vega as one of the finest athletes after the sensational events of
Mona Sulayman who laid laurels for the country in the Olympics.
THE
TRACK
Outdoor running tracks are oval in shape and
usually are laid in a stadium. IAAF rules specify
that an outdoor running track should measure no
less than 400 meters around and most modern
outdoor-and most modern outdoor tracks are
exactly that length. Older tracks consist of dirt or
cinders, but most new tracks are made of
waterproof synthetic material and can be used in
rainy weather.
SUB TOPIC Part 1
INDOOR
syntheticsTRACK
Indoor Track have wooden or
surface, and they usually
have banked turns. According to IAAF
rules, the preferred measurement for
an indoor track is 20 meters.
SUB TOPIC Part 1
OUTDOOR
TRACK
Outdoor Track are divided into six or eight
lanes. Runners must stay in their lanes for
all races up to 400 meters and until they
pass the first curve of 800 meters races.
IAFF rules state that a lane should measure
from 1.22 to 1.25 meters in width.
SUB TOPIC Part 1
THE
FIELD
Most fields events take place in an area
enclosed by the track. But in some
meetings one or more throwing events
are held outside the stadium to protect
other athletes and spectators who crowd
the field area or to avoid damaging the
artificial turf that covers many athletic
fields.
SUB TOPIC Part 1
THE
FIELD
The field includes runways for the jumping
events. It also has circular areas of
materials such as concrete as asphalt for
most of throwing events.
SUB TOPIC Part 1
TRACK Include a variety of races. Short races, called
sprints, stress maximum speed, while distance
races require more endurance. In certain running
EVENTS races, such as hurdles and steeplechase,
runners must go over barriers. Other races,
called relays, involve teams of runners.
SPORTS IN TRACK EVENTS
1 2 3 4 5
RUNNING
1
RACES
Running Races on outdoor track cover
distances from 100 meters to 10,000
meters. Indoors, races many measures
from 50 meters to 5,000 meters. Cross-
country over terrain such as hills and
fields. Most road races award prize
money to the winners. The most
common distance for road races is 10
kilometers.
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HURDLE RACES
2
Hurdle Races are events in which the
competitors run over obstacles called
hurdles. Most of these races have 10
hurdle races, intermediate and high .
Intermediate hurdles are 91 cm. high for
men and 76 cm high for women. Men’s
high hurdles are 107 cm high. Women’s
high hurdles are 84 cm high.
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HURDLE RACES
2
Intermediate hurdle races cover 400
meters or 440 yards in men’s and
women’s competition. Most outdoor
high hurdle races are 110 meters for
men and 100 meters for women.
Runners can knock over hurdles without
penalty, but contact with a hurdle
normally slows down the runner.
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STEEPLECHASE
3
The STEEPLECHASE is a race, usually
of 3,000 meters over two kinds of
obstacles, hurdles and water jumps.
Runners must clear 91-centimeter
hurdles 28 times. These hurdles are
sturdier than the one used in hurdle
races, and runners may put a foot on
top of them as they pass over them.
Runners must cross water jumps seven
times.
SUB TOPIC Part 1
STEEPLECHASE
3
A water jump consists of a hurdle and
water-filled pit 3.66 meter square. The
steeplechaser steps onto the hurdle and
leaps across the water. The pit is 70 cm.
deep at the foot of the hurdle and
slopes up to the track level. Most
steeplechasers come down in the water
at the shallow end of the pit to soften
their landing.
SUB TOPIC Part 1
WALKING
4
RACES
Walking Races are events in which
athletes must follow certain rules of
walking technique. The front must touch
the ground before the rear foot leaves
the ground. While the foot is touching
the ground, the leg must be unbent for
at least one moment. Walkers are
entitled to one warning for improper
form before they are disqualified.
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WALKING
4
RACES
Walking races are also called race
walking, may take place in a track or a
road. Most international men’s walking
distances cover distances of 20,000
meters o 50,000 meters. Women’s
world records are recognized for two
distances, 5,000 meters and 10,000
meters.
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RELAYS
5
Relays are run by teams of 4 runners.
The first runner carries a baton about 30
cm long. After running a certain distance
called leg, the athlete hands the baton
to the next team member. This
exchange must occur within a zone 20
meters long. If the runners do not
exchange the baton within this zone,
their team is disqualified.
SUB TOPIC Part 1
RELAYS
5
The most common relays are run at a
distances of 400 meters or 1600
meters. The IAAF also keeps world
records for relays of 800 meters. In
these relays all these four members run
an equal distance.
SUB TOPIC Part 1
RELAYS
5
THE RELAY BATON PASSING/RECEIVING
(1) Downward swift
(2) For visual pass
(3) Downward swift
(4) For visual pass
(5) Upward lift
SUB TOPIC Part 1
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YOU
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