RE V I EW
FACT OR BLUFF!
•DIRECTIONS:
IDENTIFY THE SENTENCES
WHETHER IT STATES A FACT OR A
BLUFF ABOUT DNA.
1.DNA or deoxyribonucleic
acid is the genetic material
that carries the hereditary
information.
2 3 4 5
2 3 4 5
2. Each nucleotide in DNA contains
one of four possible nitrogenous
bases: adenine (A), guanine (G)
cytosine (C), and thymine (T).
3. Heredity are sections of
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
that contain the code for a
specific protein.
4. A trait or a character is a
feature of an organism.
5. Chromosomes are structures
within cells that contain a
person’s genes.
NON –
MEND E L IAN
INHER IT A N CE
OBJECTIVES:
a)Differentiate
the different patterns of
Non-Mendelian Inheritance in our own
words
b)Explain each patterns of Non-
Mendelian Inheritance through an
activity
c)Discuss the value of self- worth
AC T IV I TY 1
PHENO AND GENO ON THE GO!
Mechanics:
1. The students will be given fact sheets and
guide questions.
2. The students will read and analyze the given
fact sheets and answer the guide questions.
PHENO AND GENO ON THE GO!
Mechanics:
3. The students will be given 3 minutes to do
the task and 2 minutes to present their output
in a creative way.
TERMS TO REMEMBER:
Allele – different forms of a gene, which
produce variations in a genetically inherited
trait
Genes – are parts of DNA and carry hereditary
information passed from parents to children
TERMS TO REMEMBER:
Dominant – shows specific trait even if
only one parent passed gene to the child
Recessive – shows its specific trait when
both parents pass the gene to the child
TERMS TO REMEMBER:
Homozygous – two of the same form of a
gene – one from mother and the other
from a father
Heterozygous – two different forms of a
gene – one from a mother and the other
from a father are different
TERMS TO REMEMBER:
Genotype – internal heredity
information that contain genetic code
Phenotype – outwardly expressed
traits or characteristics
TERMS TO REMEMBER:
Mendelian Inheritance – a simple
genetic rule where a gene only comes
in dominant or recessive forms
Non – Mendelian Inheritance –
inheritance patterns that don’t follow
one or more laws of Mendelian
genetics
TYPES OF NON – MENDELIAN
INHERITANCE
•Incomplete Dominance
•Codominance
•Multiple Alleles
INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE
•Is the expression of blended traits in
a heterozygous individual or
offspring
•Blended traits are coded for by two
alleles inherited from both parents
1. What would be the phenotypes of
the offspring? 1 red, 2
pink and 1
white
2. What are the phenotypic and
genotypic ratios?
Phenotype:
1:2:1
Genotype: 1:2:1
INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE
Examples:
• Petal coloration in some flower
species
• Curliness of human hair, height, skin
color and more
INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE
X =
Red snapdragon white snapdragon pink snapdragon
INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE
Points to Remember in Incomplete Dominance:
• Only the phenotype of the heterozygote is blended.
• The alleles of the parents are still distinct and
separate from each other.
• The genotypic ratio also becomes the phenotypic
ratio since half of the gametes of the offspring carry
half of both the parents.
CODOMINANCE
•The alleles of a gene pair in a
heterozygote offspring are fully
exposed or exhibited
• the trait is neither dominant or
recessive
1. How many fish/es has/have red
scales?
zero
2. How many fish/es has/have
patchwork scales?
two
CODOMINANCE
Examples:
• A and B blood types in humans
• Sickle-cell disease
• Coat color in cattle, horses and other
animals
CODOMINANCE
Points to Remember in Codominance:
• The phenotype of the heterozygote is a
combination of the phenotypes of the
homozygous parents.
• The trait is neither dominant nor recessive.
• Just like in incomplete dominance, the
genotypic ratio becomes the phenotypic ratio.
CODOMINANCE
MULTIPLE ALLELES
•A specific gene pair is controlled by
more than two alleles. Thus, there
are more than two phenotypes that
are exhibited or expressed in the
offspring
MOTHER’S BLOOD TYPE FATHER’S BLOOD TYPE CHILD’S BLOOD TYPE
A A,B,AB, or O A
A, AB B AB
AB A,B, AB, or O B
O O O
MULTIPLE ALLELES
Example:
the ABO Blood Group System
CODOMINANCE
MULTIPLE ALLELES
Points to Remember in Multiple Alleles:
• There are more than two alleles controlling a
gene pair.
• More than two phenotypes are exhibited or
expressed in the off springs.
• In the ABO Blood Group system:
Alleles IA and IB are codominant of each other
Alleles IA and IB are dominant over the i allele
Allele i i is always recessive.
A C T IV IT Y 2
PREDICT AND GET IT!
Mechanics:
1. The students will be given a situation to
predict the phenotype and genotype of the
offspring using the different patterns of
Non-Mendelian Inheritance.
PREDICT AND GET IT!
Mechanics:
2. The students will construct a Punnett
Square to visualize their prediction.
3. The students will be given 10 minutes to
do the task.
PROBLEMS:
1. Coat color in mice is incompletely dominant.
Yellow (Y) and white (W) -colored mice are
homozygous, while cream-colored mice are
heterozygous (YW). If two cream-colored mice
mate, what percentage of each phenotype can we
expect of their offspring? Show the Punnett
Square.
PROBLEMS:
2.In shorthorn cattle, when a red bull (RR) is
crossed with a white cow (WW), all the
offspring are roan—a spotted, red and white
or milky red color. What offspring are
expected from mating a roan bull and a roan
cow? Show the Punnett Square.
PROBLEMS:
3. Pretend that Brad Pitt is
homozygous for the type B allele,
and Angelina Jolie is type “O.”
What are all the possible blood types
of their baby?
PREDICT AND GET IT!
AC T IV I TY 3
FILL ME IN!
Directions:
Complete the given paragraph by
choosing the appropriate words
found in the word bank.
Incomplete Dominance is the expression of
(1) the pattern _____________________
blended
________________ heterozygous
(or intermediate) traits in a ____________
two alleles
individual or offspring. (2) the blended traits are coded for by _____
parents (3) each of the two homozygous genotypes
inherited from both ________.
(refers to the parents) shows a different phenotype since they are still
distinct and ___________
________ separated from each other. (4) the resulting
in between the two
phenotype of the heterozygote is typically _____________
different homozygote phenotypes. (5) the genotypic and phenotypic ratios is
1:2:1
both ___________.
A S S IG N M E N T
CASE DETECTIVE!
Directions:
Solve the given case. Prove your
answer by making a Punnett
Square.
CASE DETECTIVE!
CASE DETECTIVE!
