CORPORATE INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Chapter 1
Introduction to the Computer-Based Information System
Information Management
Information:
The most valuable resource
Five Main Resources
Personnel s Material s Machines
s
(including facilities and energy)
Physical
Money s Information (and data)
s
Conceptual
How Resources are Managed
Acquire s Assemble, or prepare s Maximize use s Replace
s
Factors Stimulating Interest in Information Management
Increasing complexity of business
International economy Worldwide competition Increasing complexity of technology Shrinking time frames Social constraints
Improved computer capabilities
Who are the Users?
Managers s Non managers s Persons & organizations in the firms environment
s
Where Managers are Found
s
Various management levels Various functional areas of the firm
Levels of Managers
s
Strategic planning Management control Operational control
The Influence of Management Level on Information Source
Strategic planning level Management control level Operational control level
Environmental
Internal
The Influence of Management Level on Information Form
Strategic planning level Management control level Operational control level
Summary
Detail
Managers Can Be Found on All Levels and in All Functional Areas of the Firm
Strategic planning level Management Control Level Operational Control Level
Finance Function Human Resources Function Information Services Function Manufacturing Function Marketing Function
What Managers do -Fayols Functions
Strategic
Planning Level
Management
Control Level
Operational
Control Level
Plan
Direct
Control
Organize
Plan
Control
Staff
Organize
Direct
Staff
Plan
Staff Organize
Control
Direct
What Managers do -Mintzbergs Roles
s
Interpersonal roles
Figurehead Leader Liaison Monitor Disseminator Spokesperson
Decisional roles
Entrepreneur Disturbance handler Resource allocator Negotiator
Informational roles
Management Skills
s
Communications Problem solving
How can an information specialist help?
Computer Reports Noncomputer reports Letters & Memos Electronic mail Periodicals
Internal Sources
Written Media
Problem Solving Information Comes in Many Forms
Problem Solving
Scheduled Meetings Unscheduled Meetings Telephone Voice Mail Tours Business Meals
External Sources
Oral Media
Management Knowledge
s
Computer literacy Information literacy Whats the difference?
System Components -Component parts of a system that can control its own operations
Objectives
Control mechanism
Input
Transformation
Output
Open-loop System
Input
Transformation
Output
Open versus Closed Systems
s
Open system
Connected to its environment by means of resource flows
Closed system
Not connected to its environment
Can Be Composed of Subsystems or Elemental Parts
Systems
System
Subsystem A
Subsystem B
Elemental Part C
Subsystem A-1
Subsystem B-1
Subsystem A-2
Subsystem B-2
Subsystem A-3
Elemental part B1
Physical and Conceptual Systems
s
Physical system
The business firm Composed of physical resources
Conceptual system
Represents a physical system Uses conceptual resources
Information Data
A Systems View
s
Business operations are embedded within a larger environmental setting
Data and Information
s
Information processor can be manual as well as electronic computer or mechanical an information processor is a key element in the conceptual system
Evolution of the CBIS
Data (EDP) MIS 1964
IBM promoted the concept as a means of selling disk files and terminals
DSS 1971
Our distinction:
MIS: Organizational/group - general DSS: Individual - specific
OA 1964 AI/ES - 1990s saw some heavy investments
The CBIS Model
Computer-based Information System
(CBIS) Problem
Accounting Information System
Decisions
Information
Management Information System Decision Support Systems
Problem Solution
The Virtual Office Knowledge-based Systems
Information Services
Information specialists have
full-time responsibility for developing and maintaining computer-based systems
Traditional Communications Chain
Database Administrator
User
Systems Analyst
Programmer
Operator
Computer
Network Specialist
End-User Computing
s
End-user computing
Development of all or part of applications
Stimulants to EUC
Increased computer literacy IS backlog Low-cost hardware (the PC) Prewritten software (electronic spreadsheets)
IS and EUC
The End-User Computing Communication Chain
Information Specialists
Support
Communication
User
Computer
Justifying the CBIS
Justify in the same manner as any other large investment s Economic
s
Cost reduction Reduced inventory investment Increased productivity (CAD/CAM)
s
Noneconomic
Perceived value
Achieving the CBIS
Roles Played by the Manager and by the Information Specialist Information Specialist Phase Manager
Planning Analysis Design Implementation Use Define problem Control Control Control Control Support System Study Design system Implement system Make available
Addition of a Value Multiplier System
High
Situation imaging
MKIS
Decision making
Transaction Volume
Low
Order processing system
Value multiplier CE laptops
Control
Communication
Little
Much
Decision Support
