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Module 1b

The document discusses various properties of beam cross-sections including: 1) Centroid - the center of mass of a geometric object of uniform density. The centroid of an area is calculated as the weighted average of the distances of its constituent areas from the reference axes. 2) Moment of inertia - measures the ability of a cross-section to resist bending and twisting. It is calculated with respect to the centroidal axes as well as the principal axes using Mohr's circle. 3) Polar moment of inertia - measures the ability to resist torsion and is the sum of the moments of inertia about the centroidal x- and y-axes. 4) Radius of gyration - an imaginary

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79 views10 pages

Module 1b

The document discusses various properties of beam cross-sections including: 1) Centroid - the center of mass of a geometric object of uniform density. The centroid of an area is calculated as the weighted average of the distances of its constituent areas from the reference axes. 2) Moment of inertia - measures the ability of a cross-section to resist bending and twisting. It is calculated with respect to the centroidal axes as well as the principal axes using Mohr's circle. 3) Polar moment of inertia - measures the ability to resist torsion and is the sum of the moments of inertia about the centroidal x- and y-axes. 4) Radius of gyration - an imaginary

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Lei
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Module 1b

Prepared by: Engr. Adrian D. Viloria, MSc.


TOPIC: Properties of Section
Properties of a Section

Centroid of an area
- Is analogous to the center of gravity of a homogeneous body.
- the center of mass of a geometric object of uniform density.
- In

𝐴 𝑇 𝑦 𝐶 = 𝐴 1 𝑦 1+ 𝐴 2 𝑦 2 + 𝐴 𝑛 𝑦 𝑛
Properties of a Section

Moment of Inertia (2 nd
area moment)
- Measures the ability of the beam’s cross section to resist bending.
- In
• and
- About the centroid

• and
- About the x and y axes (usually bottom-most and left-most)
Properties of a Section

Moment of Inertia (2 nd
area moment)
• Use of Mohr’s Circle
- In some cases, it is necessary to determine the moment of inertia with respect to
axes, which are inclined to the usual axes.

1. On a set of rectangular coordinate axes, choose one axis on which to plot of Ix


and Iy and the other on which to plot Ixy. These axes are called principal axes.
2. With Ix, Iy, and Ixy known plot (Ix, Ixy) and (Iy, -Ixy) with Ix and Iy along the
horizontal and Ixy along the vertical.
3. Joint the points plotted with a straight line. This line is the diameter of Mohr’s
circle having its center on the principal axis.
4. The angle between any two radii on the Mohr’s circle is double the actual angle
between the usual axes. The rotational sense of this angle corresponds to the
rotational sense of the actual angle between axes.
Properties of a Section

Polar moment of Inertia


- Measures the ability of the beam’s cross section to resist torsion
and twisting.
- In

𝐽 𝐺=𝐼 𝐶𝐺𝑥 + 𝐼 𝐶𝐺𝑦

𝐽 𝑂 =𝐼 𝑥 + 𝐼 𝑦
Properties of a Section

Radius of Gyration
- Is an imaginary distance from the centroidal axis at which the
entire area can be assumed to exist without affecting the
moment of inertia.
- is used to compare how various structural shapes will behave
under compression along an axis

R=
√
𝐼 𝐶𝐺
𝐴
- In
- Note: can be along x and y as well
Properties of a Section

Section modulus
- is the geometric property of the given cross-section of any shaft
or beam structures.
- It is the direct measure of the strength of the shaft section or the
beam section. Higher the section modulus of a structure, the
more the resistive it becomes to bending.

𝐼
S=
𝑐

- In ; c = depth of area for tension


- Note: can be along x and y as well
Properties of a Section
10 mm

Example
For the angular section shown, determine the:
a. location of the centroid from the x and y axes.
b. Centroidal moments of inertia
c. Moments of inertia

125 mm
d. Products of inertia
e. Polar moment of inertia
f. Maximum and minimum moments of inertia about the axes and
its rotation through O.
g. Moment of inertia about and axis through O making and angle
of 20° with the horizontal.

10 mm
75 mm
END

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