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CHAPTER 6 - Database Implementation and Use
Copyright (c) 2020 Nenad Jukic and Prospect Press
REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY CONSTRAINT
Referential integrity constraint - In each row of a relation
containing a foreign key, the value of the foreign key EITHER
matches one of the values in the primary key column of the
referred relation OR the value of the foreign key is null (empty).
• Regulates the relationship between a table with a foreign key and a table
with a primary key to which the foreign key refers
Jukić, Vrbsky, Nestorov, Sharma – Database Systems Copyright (c) 2020 Nenad Jukic and Prospect Press Chapter 6 – Slide 2
REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY CONSTRAINT
Referential integrity constraint compliance example
Two relations and a
referential integrity
constraint
Data records in
compliance with the
referential integrity
constraint
Jukić, Vrbsky, Nestorov, Sharma – Database Systems Copyright (c) 2020 Nenad Jukic and Prospect Press Chapter 6 – Slide 3
REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY CONSTRAINT: DELETE AND UPDATE IMPLEMENTATION OPTIONS
Referential integrity constraint - delete and update
implementation options
• Delete options
o DELETE RESTRICT
o DELETE CASCADE
o DELETE SET-TO-NULL
o DELETE SET-TO-DEFAULT
• Update options
o UPDATE RESTRICT
o UPDATE CASCADE
o UPDATE SET-TO-NULL
o UPDATE SET-TO-DEFAULT
Jukić, Vrbsky, Nestorov, Sharma – Database Systems Copyright (c) 2020 Nenad Jukic and Prospect Press Chapter 6 – Slide 4
REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY CONSTRAINT: DELETE AND UPDATE IMPLEMENTATION OPTIONS
DELETE RESTRICT example
Jukić, Vrbsky, Nestorov, Sharma – Database Systems Copyright (c) 2020 Nenad Jukic and Prospect Press Chapter 6 – Slide 5
REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY CONSTRAINT: DELETE AND UPDATE IMPLEMENTATION OPTIONS
DELETE CASCADE example
Jukić, Vrbsky, Nestorov, Sharma – Database Systems Copyright (c) 2020 Nenad Jukic and Prospect Press Chapter 6 – Slide 6
REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY CONSTRAINT: DELETE AND UPDATE IMPLEMENTATION OPTIONS
DELETE SET-TO-NULL example
Jukić, Vrbsky, Nestorov, Sharma – Database Systems Copyright (c) 2020 Nenad Jukic and Prospect Press Chapter 6 – Slide 7
REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY CONSTRAINT: DELETE AND UPDATE IMPLEMENTATION OPTIONS
DELETE SET-TO-DEFAULT example
Jukić, Vrbsky, Nestorov, Sharma – Database Systems Copyright (c) 2020 Nenad Jukic and Prospect Press Chapter 6 – Slide 8
REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY CONSTRAINT: DELETE AND UPDATE IMPLEMENTATION OPTIONS
UPDATE RESTRICT example
Jukić, Vrbsky, Nestorov, Sharma – Database Systems Copyright (c) 2020 Nenad Jukic and Prospect Press Chapter 6 – Slide 9
REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY CONSTRAINT: DELETE AND UPDATE IMPLEMENTATION OPTIONS
UPDATE CASCADE example
Jukić, Vrbsky, Nestorov, Sharma – Database Systems Copyright (c) 2020 Nenad Jukic and Prospect Press Chapter 6 – Slide 10
REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY CONSTRAINT: DELETE AND UPDATE IMPLEMENTATION OPTIONS
UPDATE SET-TO-NULL example
Jukić, Vrbsky, Nestorov, Sharma – Database Systems Copyright (c) 2020 Nenad Jukic and Prospect Press Chapter 6 – Slide 11
REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY CONSTRAINT: DELETE AND UPDATE IMPLEMENTATION OPTIONS
UPDATE SET-TO-DEFAULT example
Jukić, Vrbsky, Nestorov, Sharma – Database Systems Copyright (c) 2020 Nenad Jukic and Prospect Press Chapter 6 – Slide 12
REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY CONSTRAINT: DELETE AND UPDATE IMPLEMENTATION OPTIONS
Implementing delete and update options
Example - DELETE RESTRICT and UPDATE RESTRICT
CREATE TABLE employee
( empid CHAR(4),
empname CHAR(20),
deptid CHAR(2),
PRIMARY KEY (empid),
FOREIGN KEY (deptid) REFERENCES department);
Jukić, Vrbsky, Nestorov, Sharma – Database Systems Copyright (c) 2020 Nenad Jukic and Prospect Press Chapter 6 – Slide 13
REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY CONSTRAINT: DELETE AND UPDATE IMPLEMENTATION OPTIONS
Implementing delete and update options
Example - DELETE CASCADE
CREATE TABLE employee
( empid CHAR(4),
empname CHAR(20),
deptid CHAR(2),
PRIMARY KEY (empid),
FOREIGN KEY (deptid) REFERENCES department
ON DELETE CASCADE);
Jukić, Vrbsky, Nestorov, Sharma – Database Systems Copyright (c) 2020 Nenad Jukic and Prospect Press Chapter 6 – Slide 14
REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY CONSTRAINT: DELETE AND UPDATE IMPLEMENTATION OPTIONS
Implementing delete and update options
Example - UPDATE SET-TO-NULL
CREATE TABLE employee
( empid CHAR(4),
empname CHAR(20),
deptid CHAR(2),
PRIMARY KEY (empid),
FOREIGN KEY (deptid) REFERENCES department
ON UPDATE SET NULL);
Jukić, Vrbsky, Nestorov, Sharma – Database Systems Copyright (c) 2020 Nenad Jukic and Prospect Press Chapter 6 – Slide 15
REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY CONSTRAINT: DELETE AND UPDATE IMPLEMENTATION OPTIONS
Implementing delete and update options
Example - DELETE CASCADE and UPDATE SET-TO-NULL
CREATE TABLE employee
( empid CHAR(4),
empname CHAR(20),
deptid CHAR(2),
PRIMARY KEY (empid),
FOREIGN KEY (deptid) REFERENCES department
ON DELETE CASCADE
ON UPDATE SET NULL);
Jukić, Vrbsky, Nestorov, Sharma – Database Systems Copyright (c) 2020 Nenad Jukic and Prospect Press Chapter 6 – Slide 16
IMPLEMENTING USER-DEFINED CONSTRAINTS
CHECK
• Used to specify a constraint on a particular column of a relation
Jukić, Vrbsky, Nestorov, Sharma – Database Systems Copyright (c) 2020 Nenad Jukic and Prospect Press Chapter 6 – Slide 17
CHECK – Example 1
A relation with a
user-defined
constraint
CREATE TABLE employee
SQL code (empid CHAR(4),
salary NUMBER(6) CHECK (salary >= 50000 AND salary <= 200000),
PRIMARY KEY (empid));
INSERT INTO employee VALUES ('1234', 75000);
INSERT INTO employee VALUES ('2345', 50000);
INSERT INTO employee VALUES ('3456', 55000);
INSERT INTO employee VALUES ('4567', 70000);
INSERT INTO employee VALUES ('9876', 270000);
INSERT INTO employee VALUES ('1010', 30000);
Four inserts
accepted, two
inserts rejected
Jukić, Vrbsky, Nestorov, Sharma – Database Systems Copyright (c) 2020 Nenad Jukic and Prospect Press Chapter 6 – Slide 18
CHECK – Example 2
A relation with a
user-defined
constraint
CREATE TABLE student
SQL code (studentid CHAR(4),
yearenrolled INT,
yearofgraduation INT,
PRIMARY KEY (studentid),
CHECK (yearenrolled <= yearofgraduation));
INSERT INTO student VALUES ('1111', 2012, 2016);
INSERT INTO student VALUES ('2222', 2013, 2017);
INSERT INTO student VALUES ('3333', 2013, 2017);
INSERT INTO student VALUES ('4444', 2013, 2012);
Three inserts
accepted, one
insert rejected
Jukić, Vrbsky, Nestorov, Sharma – Database Systems Copyright (c) 2020 Nenad Jukic and Prospect Press Chapter 6 – Slide 19
