ADHD
Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder
By: Artazo, Shantal P.
Mabaquiao, Joshua Martin M.
a neurologically based developmental disability
which revolves around attentiveness , impulsivity
and hyperactivity.
TYPES
01 AD/HD Predominantly
attentive type
Children with AD/HD that have little or no trouble
sitting still or inhabiting behaviour but it may be
predominantly inattentive and have great difficulty
getting or staying focused on task or activity.
02 AD/HD Predominantly
Hyperactive- Impulsive type
Children who may be able to pay attention to task
but lose focus because they may be predominantly
hyperactive –impulsive thus having trouble
controlling impulsive and activity
03 AD/HD
type
Predominantly Combined These children have significant symptoms of all the
three characteristics
NATURE
OF
DISORDER
CAUSES
Exact cause still remains to be unknown
Parents and teachers do not cause ADHD
Heredity – early research has shown that
children with AD/HD are four times as likely to
have family members with AD/HD as normal
children
BRAIN PHYSIOLOGY
• Causes of the disorder involves a dysfunction of the brain though it is
unclear whether the dysfunction is a cause or a symptom of a disorder
• Neurobiological- based developmental disability
• Sometimes AD/HD symptoms develop as a result of unrelated medical
illness that affect brain functioning
Environmental Factors
• Most research does not support environmental causes with the
exception of lead exposure
• Allergic reactions
• Fluorescent lighting that flickers at a low rate was also a suggested
cause
Diet – refined sugar or food additives , artificial colourings ,
preservatives
INDICATORS
1. Inattention- is a process that has different parts, focus,
select, sustain, resist, shift.
• having short attention span and distractible
• Difficulty in concentrating on tasks
• Get lost in the directions along the way
2. Symptoms of inattention as listed in the DSM IV
( Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders)
1. often fails to give close attention to details or makes
careless mistakes in schoolwork, work or in other activities.
2. Often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly.
3. Often does not follow through on instructions and fails to
finish schoolwork, chores or duties in a workplace
(not due to oppositional behaviour or failure to understand
instructions)
4. Often does not seem to listen when spoken directly
5. Often has difficulty organizing tasks and activities.
6. Often avoids , dislikes, or is reluctant to engage in tasks
that require sustained mental effort.
7. Often loses things necessary for tasks or activities
8. Is often distracted by extraneous stimuli
9. Is often forgetful of daily activities.
3. Hyperactivity
1. Often fidgets with hands or feet or squirms in seat.
2. Often leaves seat in a classroom or in other situation in which
remaining to be seated is expected.
3. Often runs about or climbs excessively in situations in which it is
appropriate
4. Often has difficulty playing or engaging in leisure activities quietly
5. Is often “ on the go” or acts as if “driven by a motor”
6. Often talks excessively
4. Impulsivity
It is NOT acting without thinking – cognitive impulsivity
Act before thinking because they have diffivulty waiting or delaying
gratification.
Displays behaviour that is risky but the child just has difficulty
controlling impulse and will often be surprised to discover that he or
she has gotten into a dangerous situation and has no idea how to get
out of it.
Symptoms of impulsivity
1.Often blurt out answers before questions have been completed
2. Often has difficulty waiting for his or her turn
3. Often interrupts or intrudes on others
( ex. Conversations or games)
Do you have any
questions?
Thanks
