ELC-422 Optoelectronics
Fall 2022
Fiber Optic
Modes of Propagation
ELC-422 Optoelectronics
Announcements
Textbook:
•Kasap, S. Optoelectronics and photonics: principles and practices (2nd ed.).
Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson, 2013.
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Modes of Propagation
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ELC-422 Optoelectronics
Modes of the Fiber
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ELC-422 Optoelectronics
Modes of the Fiber
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ELC-422 Optoelectronics
Modes of Propagation
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ELC-422 Optoelectronics
Modes of Propagation
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ELC-422 Optoelectronics
Modes of Propagation
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ELC-422 Optoelectronics
Modes of Propagation
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Modes of Propagation
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Modes of Propagation
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Modes of Propagation
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Modes of the Fiber
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Optical Fiber Type Comparisons
The indices are uniform
in a step-index fiber Cladding Cladding
2a 2a
The index varies with the Core
core radius in a graded- Core
index fiber
Typical diameters n1
SM core: 8-10 m n1
SM cladding: 125 m n2
Step-index fiber
MM core: 50 or 62.5 m n1 n1
MM cladding: 125 m
n2
(SM = single mode) Graded-index fiber
(MM = multimode) (a) Basic fiber types (b) Sample tailored profiles
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Modes of Propagation
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Modes of Propagation
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Modes of Propagation
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Modes of Propagation
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Optical Fiber
• In fibers the core of radius a has a refractive index n1, which
is typically equal to 1.48. This is surrounded by a cladding
of slightly lower index n2 = n1(1 - Δ)
Δ = (n1- n2 /n1)
• Δ is the core-cladding index difference or the index
difference. Typical Δ values range from 1-3 % for multimode
fibers and from 0.2-1.0 % for single-mode fibers.
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Modes of Propagation
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Modes of Propagation
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Numerical Aperture
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Acceptance Angle
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Mode of the Fiber
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Fractional Refractive Index Change Δ
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V-number Normalized Frequency
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Single Mode Fiber
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V-number & N number of Modes
N number of Modes
equal to how many
modes can travel
through the fiber
N number of Modes
equal to how many
modes can travel
through the fiber
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V-number Normalized Frequency
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V-number Normalized Frequency
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Single Mode Fiber
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Relative Refractive Index
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Multimode Graded Index Profile n
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Graded Index Fibers
Cladding
2a
Core
n1
n2
Step-index fiber
n1
n2
Graded-index fiber
(a) Basic fiber types
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Graded Index Fibers
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Graded Index Fibers
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Graded Index Fibers Number of Modes
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Multimode Step Index Fiber Modes
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Next lecture
• More Examples
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