CE 19 - Design of Structural Steel
Textbook : Fundamentals of Structural Steel Design , by Dit Gillesania
References: Structural Steel Design by McCormack
Design Specifications like NSCP, ASTM, AISC, AWS, AASHTO, AREA
Reviewers on Design of Structural Steel
What to expect to learn:
1. Process of designing structural steel members and connections, by
applying the principles of structural analysis and strength of materials and
using the specifications of the National Structural Code of the Philippines.
Advantages of Steel :
1. High strength per unit length resulting in smaller dead loads and smaller member.
2. Uniformity of properties with time, except when corroded, resulting in simpler
analysis in its design
3. Elastic and ductile, hence, can sustain more additional loads before fracture/failure.
4. Durable when properly maintained
Disadvantages of Steel:
1. Susceptibility to corrosion
2. Reduced strength when exposed to high temperature
3. Heat Conductor
4. Susceptibility to buckling
5. Fatigue under stress reversals or repeated loadings
Three-fold Objective of designing:
1. Safety - in order that the member will not fail under load.
2. Functionality – in order that the design will serve its purpose.
3. Economy - in order that the design will not be expensive.
Design Methods:
1. Elastic Design (Allowable Stress Design)
- Based on certain allowable or working stresses
- uses safety factor, Ω
2. Plastic Design
- based on limit load or collapse design
3. Load and Resistance Factor Design
- counterpart of Ultimate Strength Design in Reinforced Concrete
- uses overload factors (O.F.) and resistance factors, ф
- average overload factor of 1.5
Essentials of Designing:
1. Theory – Structural Analysis, Strength of materials, mathematics, physics, etc.
2. Specifications- standards based on empirical formulas and experiments designed
to achieve both safety and functionality of the design.
LRFD Load Combinations ( ASCE 7-05) ASD Load Combinations (ASCE 7-05)
1. 1.4 (D + F) 1. D + F
2. 1.2(D+F+T) + 1.6(L+H) + 0.5(Lr or S or R) 2. D+H+F+L+T
3. 1.2 D + 1.6(Lr or S or R) + (L or 0.8W) 3. D+H+F+ (Lr or S or R)
4. 1.2D + 1.6W + L + 0.5(Lr or S or R) 4. D+H+F+ 0.75(L+T) + 0.75(Lr or S or R)
5. 1.2D + 1.0E + L + 0.2S 5. D+H+F+(W or 0.7E)
6. 0.9D + 1.6W + 1.6H 6. D+H+F+0.75(W or 0.7E) + 0.75L + 0.75(L r or S or R)
7. 0.9D + 1.0E + 1.6H 7. 0.6D + W + H
8. 0.6D +0.7E + H
D = dead load
E = earthquake load
F = load due to fluids
H = load due to lateral earth pressure, ground water pressure
or pressure of bulk materials
L = live load
Lr = roof live load
S = snow load
T = self-restraining force
W= wind load
R = rain load
Sources of Specifications:
1. National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP)
2. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
3. American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)
4. American Welding Society (AWS)
5. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)
6. American Railway Engineers Association (AREA)
Review on mechanical properties of Steel:
- stress-strain curve
- proportional limit (a), elastic limit (b), yield point (c),
ultimate stress(f) c d e f
- Elastic range (0 to c), stress f b
- Plastic range (c to f) a
- strain hardening (d to e)
o
strain, Є
