Fundamentals of

Travel and Tours

 Every industry has its own language.
They use abbreviations or acronyms to
save time and effort. However, everyone
who is interested in the industry must
Terminologies know what the acronym or abbreviation
of Travels and stands for to avoid miscommunication
Tours and the feeling of speaking a different
language. Below are the terms used most
frequently in the travel and tour industry.
 Domestic Tourism refers to travel taken
exclusively within the national boundaries of the
traveler's country.
FAM Tour is an abbreviation for familiarization
Terminologies tours usually offered to travel agents and tour
of Travels and operators as complimentary or at a reduced rate
to familiarize them with a specific destination or
Tours attraction to stimulate sales,
Group Inclusive Tour (GIT) is a tour in which the
tourist travels with the company of other
tourists.
 Independent Inclusive Tour (lIT) is a tour in
which the tourist travels to his destination
individually.
Terminologies Independent Tour is a tour in which the tourist
of Travels and buys tourism components (transportation,
Tours accommodation, food and beverage,
entertainment, etc) separately. This can be done
in advance through a travel agent.
 International Tourism refers to travel across
international boundaries. It is more difficult to
travel outside one's own country because the
country to be visited has requirements such as
passports, visas, and other conditions to be met
by tourists.
Terminologies Package Tour, sometimes called "inclusive
of Travels and tour" is an arrangement in which tourism
Tours components such as transportation,
accommodation, food and beverage,
entertainment, etc. are bought by the tourist at
an all-inclusive price.
 Tour Operator organizes package tours and
purchases other tourism services such as
transport and accommodation in advance,
usually at a lower price because he/she is buying
it in bulk.
Terminologies Travel Insurance is an insurance product
of Travels and designed for use by different types of travelers
Tours such as those who travel for business, are visiting
relatives, and are students during their domestic
and overseas travel (Wang et.al.,2019).
 Travel refers to a movement from one place to
another.
Nature of This can refer to short-and long-distance travel,
Travels and domestic and international travel, and other
various forms.
Tours It also includes both round trips and one-way
journeys, with a wide array of travel purposes.
 The travel industry, therefore, refers to the
several aspects of the service industry which
cater to the needs and wants of the people who
Nature of have traveled and will travel from different parts
Travels and of the world.
Tours The travel industry is also called the tourism
network. Below is a list of the important sectors
of the travel industry with their descriptions.
 1. Transportation
2. Accommodation
Sectors of the 3. Food and Beverage
Travel Industry 4. Entertainment
5. Connected Industries
  Airline Industry – Its development introduced
many undiscovered areas to the travel
community. A scheduled air transportation
system offers a safe, convenient, reliable,
frequent, and consumer-centered service
(Basnet,2015)
Transportation  Car rental
 Water Transport – major factor in tourism and
hospitality. Ex. Cruise ships or what is known
as “floating resorts” or “flotels”
  Coach services– buses and coaches are the
modes of transportation preferred by those in
any social class to reach their destinations. In
the 21st century, buses became a safe, green,
comfortable, and affordable tool for
transportation. They cater not only for intercity
Transportation lines or long distance travel but also as charter
vehicles for excursion, corporative trips, or just
carrying from airport or railway station to hotel
and back (Soloviev,2015)
  Railway– the majority of seasoned travelers
prefer to travel by train because of its safety
record and convenience and satisfaction
viewing the scenery from a comfortable air-
Transportation conditioned car.
- enhanced by the introduction of high speed
trains
  Spacecraft– year 2001 marked the beginning
of space tourism
- Dennis Tito, a wealthy California
businessman became the first paying passenger
for space flight (Britannica Online Encyclopedia,

Transportation 2013)
- Virgin Galactic remains the only private
space tourism company that has successfully air-
launched its SpaceShipTwo vehicle (S. Fox,
2010)
  Sleeping accommodations range from hotels to
condominiums, campgrounds, and homes of
relatives and friends.
Accommodatio  For a tourist region to succeed, a sufficient
n quantity of accommodations of the right quality
should be provided for the tourists.
  Hotels – most popular form of accommodation
for tourists
 Shared accommodation – Airbnd favors the
growth of shared accommodation. It usually
Accommodatio includes all the facilities and amenities of the
entire home such as an apartment or a house or
n just a room space where the owner/host usually
stays
  Hostels – it provide minimal amenities such as
bunk bed and commonly shared toilets and
bathrooms.
- categorized as budget choice and appealed
mostly to young travelers
Accommodatio  Camping– outdoor accommodation that makes
n use of temporary shelter, like tents
- appeals mostly to families who travel in
recreational vehicles
  Bed and Breakfast– it provide a room, bath, and a
hearty breakfast to tourists
- known as BnBs
 Timeshare accommodation– modern tourism
product that succeeds in combining tourism and real
Accommodatio estate in such a way to satisfy the ever-changing

n needs of the tourist-purchaser

- it offers the public the right to enjoy, for a set
period or interval each year, vacation time in an
apartment or other type of lodging that is part of a
tourist complex, equipped with a variety of services
and facilities (WTO, 1996)
  It is a significant aspect of anyone’s journey
and often shapes one’s satisfaction with a trip.
 In some cases, it is the reason some people
Food and
travel
Beverage
  Restaurants
 Catering
Food and  Bars and coffee shops
Beverage  Nightclubs
  Any form of activity that can satisfy the
interests of the tourists during their stay in a
Entertainment destination
  Casino – provides people to gamble. Often
connected with hotels, restaurants, resorts,
cruise ships, and other related tourism
establishment
 Tourist information – provides a reliable
Entertainment information and resources about the destination
- leaflets, brochures, and other promotional
materials are being displayed here
  Shopping
 Tourist guides and tours – an individual who,
either as an employee or an affiliate of a
licensed tour operator, accompanies tourists,
both foreign and domestic, for a fee or any
Entertainment other form of lawful remuneration on local
sightseeing excursions to provide pertinent
commentary and look after their general well-
being.
  Linked to the travel and tourism industry
 Help boost interest in the travel industry
 Companies or businesses that assist to connect
Connected travelers with travel and tourism products and
Industries local agencies that provide practical support
and assistance for tourists and travelers
  Foreign exchange – buying and selling foreign
currencies
 Travel agents – middlemen that act as
intermediaries between the suppliers and the
tourists
Connected  Tour operators – wholesalers of tourist
Industries products . They produce tour packages which
usually compose of complete itineraries from
transportation, accommodations, food and
beverage, as well as entertainment and the
service of a tour escort or tour guide
  Online travel agencies (OTA)– same with
traditional travel agency except that it uses the
internet as its main source of operation
 Tourism organizations– can be a government
and nongovernment units. Main purpose is to
Connected support the interests of the tourism industry
Industries  Educational– includes academic institutions
and tourism organizations that organize or
sponsor activities like seminars, conferences,
exhibitions, training, and tourism skills
competitions
 Independent Tour - is a tour in which the
tourist buys tourism components (transportation,
accommodation, food and beverage,
entertainment, etc.) separately. This can be done
in advance through a travel agent
Escorted Tour - is a tour in which tourists are
Types of Tours accompanied by a tour director or tour manager
who arranges everything and takes charge of the
entire tour from the beginning until its
completion. Tourists who avail of this kind of
tour are not familiar with the destination they are
visiting.
 Hosted Tour - is a tour where tourists are
accompanied by a tour guide once the tourists
arrive at the destination region. It is called a
"hosted tour" because the tour operator usually
acts as the host to the tourists during their stay.
Types of Tours Incentive Tour - is given to employees as a
reward for their excellent performance in
achieving the company's or organization's goals.
The expenses of this tour are paid or sponsored
by the company or organization.
 1. Travel Industry - The travel industry is
composed of businesses that provide services
needed by travelers or tourists when they
travel from one place to another.
Key Concepts
- This industry includes transportation,
accommodations, food and beverages, services of
a travel agency and tour operator, foreign
exchange, entertainment, etc.
 2. Travel services - These are services provided
by tour operators and travel agents that have
something to do with the tourists' travel such as
ticket reservation, booking, or both, for local and
Key Concepts international for air, sea, railroad, and land travel.
- It also includes reservations for accommodation
and other tourism components such as food and
beverage, entertainment, etc.
 3. Tour Operation Business - This is a type of
travel business that assembles the tourism
Key Concepts products from different suppliers to create a
complete tour package and sells it to the tourists
directly or through travel intermediaries.