KNOWING the BASIC
SENTENCE
ELEMENTS
Savirah Jufri, Banyuwangi, Sept, 2020
Basic Sentence Elements
In the end of the lesson you are expected to be able to :
● Identify where Subject, Verb, and Object in a sentence are
● Form an English sentence correctly
● Form a negative sentence correctly
● Form a question correctly
● Identify whether an English sentence is correct or incorrect
Table of Contents
A Simple Sentence Question
Main parts in a sentence How to form a question
Negative Sentence A Simple Analysis
How to form a negative Knowing a mistake in forming
sentence a sentence
01
A Simple
Sentence
Forming a simple
S+V+O/PP sentence
A Sentence ..
must contain at least Subject,
Verb, and Object/Prepositional
Phrases
What are Subject,
Verb, and Object?
Remember these :
● Subject (S) = A person, animal, place, thing, or concept that does an action. the
DOER (pelaku)
● Verb (V) = what the “S” does? (kata kerja)
● Object (O) = A person, animal, place, thing, or concept that receives the action (V).
The subject did What?
● Prepositional Phrase (PP) = A phrase that begins with a preposition (i.e., in, at for,
behind, until, after, of, during, etc). It modifies a word in the sentence. It answers :
Where? When? In What way?
Remember the SYMBOLS “S”, “V”, “O”, “PP”.
1. S+V I run
2. S+V+O I write a letter
3. S+V+O+PP I write a letter in my office
4. S+V+PP I sleep at home
Sample Sentence Elements Sample
Here is an example of
sentence elements
Prep =
in
S+P+O S+P+O+PP
He reads many books He reads many books in the library
S V O S V O PP
02
Negative
Sentence
Forming a negative
sentence
S+(Modal/Aux + NOT)
V+O/PP
You should
No. 2
consider these
“NOT” cannot stand alone. It
points : “do”
is
will follow auxiliary verb.
an Example :
aux (+) I install a software today
verb (-) I do NOT install a software
No. 1 today
Aux
Negative = NOT No. 3 Verb =
Example : tobe,
(+) I can install a software Add “NOT” directly if there is will,
(-) I can NOT install a software an aux verb in a sentence. shall,
do,
(+) I am installing a sofware does,did
(+) I am NOT installing a , etc
software
Cont’d NOTE
S
No. 4 Here are some additional negative
sentences form rules :
If there are more than one aux 1. If there is no aux verb in a positive
verb in a sentence you can put sentence, add “DO/DOES/DID” as
“NOT” after first aux verb. aux verb. V1 = do/does, V2 = did
Example : 2. Here are the possible formation for
(+) I will have been installing a negative sentences =
software by the time you come • S +do/does/did+NOT + V1 + O
to my house • S+ aux verb + NOT+ Verb+ O
(-) I will “NOT” have been • S+ first aux verb + NOT+ second aux
installing a software by the time V+ third aux V+ Verb+ O
you come to my house
You should always
Reinforce the
Concept
Try to find these :
1. What is tobe ?
2. What is modal ?
3. What is Do
auxiliary?
03
Question
Forming a question
Aux Verbs+ S + V+O/PP
+?
How many
question words
that you know?
Mention them
Consider these in
forming a question :
No. 3
No. 1
Questio Remember that Subject always comes
In Yes/No Question, place Aux n after the first aux verb (if there are more
Verbs in the beginning. words : than one aux verbs in a sentence: will
Can you pass the salt? Why, have been, will be, etc)
Should I follow you? when, What will you have been doing at 10 AM
what,
tomorrow?
etc
No. 2 No. 4
If you use Question words, put “Aux verbs” Never ask yourself!
after Question Words. Am I writing the letter?
What will you do tomorrow? (illogical sentence)
You know the answer.
04
Sample of a
Sentence Analysis
Knowing a mistake in
forming a sentence
Sentence Analysis
Sample Sentence Explanation
1. Birds not fly Incorrect : no aux verb.
Birds “do not” fly
2. The students in the classroom Incorrect : no Verb.
The students “are” in the classroom
3. What you see? Incorrect : no aux verb.
What “do” you see?
4. I will have not read chapter one Incorrect : Negative “not” should be placed after
tomorrow at 10 AM FIRST aux verb.
I “Will not have” read chapter one tomorrow at 10
AM
Out of difficulties, Don’t
give up
, I do
apprec
grow miracles effort y
iate ev
ou mak
ery
e.
Jean De La Bruyere
What do you need to do?
No.1 No. 3
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in elearning
No. 2 No. 4
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