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Lecture 6 Triangulation-Trilaterization

This document discusses methods for horizontal control surveying including triangulation, trilateration, and GPS. Triangulation uses trigonometry to determine positions of survey points based on known angles and sides of triangles. Trilateration similarly uses distance measurements instead of angles. GPS provides highly accurate positioning using satellite signals. The document explains how to choose optimal control points and outlines different triangulation/trilateration systems like chains of triangles, quadrilaterals, and polygons to suit different project sizes and required accuracy levels.

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116 views20 pages

Lecture 6 Triangulation-Trilaterization

This document discusses methods for horizontal control surveying including triangulation, trilateration, and GPS. Triangulation uses trigonometry to determine positions of survey points based on known angles and sides of triangles. Trilateration similarly uses distance measurements instead of angles. GPS provides highly accurate positioning using satellite signals. The document explains how to choose optimal control points and outlines different triangulation/trilateration systems like chains of triangles, quadrilaterals, and polygons to suit different project sizes and required accuracy levels.

Uploaded by

anonymousoreviewer
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© © All Rights Reserved
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SURVEYING

Triangulation
Trilateration
Introduction
Definition of horizontal control surveying:
A surveying process which can determine the
positions (Horizontal Coordinates) of survey
points into a definite element area.

Control Surveying Types:


1. Horizontal Control: Use the horizontal coordinates
(E, N) to determine the positions.
2. Vertical Control: Use the vertical elevations to
determine the positions.
Method of Horizontal Control:
► Traverse Surveying:
The Horizontal control usually involves the
measurement of angles and distances for
a small project and it may use one or
more Traverses into consideration.
► Triangulation & Trilateration:
For larger areas, the horizontal control use
the triangles and quadrilaterals to achieve
the required accuracy.
► GPS
Triangulation
► This method is based on the
trigonometric proposition when one
side and three angles of triangle are
known, the remaining sides can be
determined by the sine law.
► Moreover if the direction of one side is
known, it can determine the rest of the
directions.
Triangulation Principle

Base
Line

Step 1:
Step 2:

Step 3:
Step 4:
How to choose the control points
► On each point you can see at least two
close points.
► The angles should be less than 90 degrees.
► The points should be at high terrains so it
can be reached easily.
► The triangle should be equally sided.
► The interior angles should measured by the
Theodolite.
Trilateration
► The existence of EDM devices made it
more practical to measure the
distances instead of angles.
► It is a very similar to the triangulation
method.
► The angles can be measured using the
cosine law.
Note: Similar Steps of Triangulation
GPS (Global Positioning System)

► GPS is a space-based, radio-navigation


system that provides worldwide, all-
weather, three-dimensional position,
velocity, navigation, and time data to
both civilian and military users.
► GPS can provide a very accurate
digital map of the highway
infrastructure. The system includes at
least 24 satellites in orbit 19,320
kilometers (12,000 miles) above the
earth and inclined at 55°.
Types of Triangulation or Trilateration System
► Chain of Triangles:
1. Simple and fast.
2. Less cost and less accuracy.
3. For thin strip of lands, angles less than 30
degrees are not permitted.
Types of Triangulation or Trilateration System
► Chain of Quadrilaterals
More accuracy here because there is a
potential for double check on the sides
measurement from two triangles.
Types of Triangulation or Trilateration System
► Chain of Polygons: Central-point figure
(Wide Area)
For a city or even a country coverage, the survey
points here are relatively linked with the dense
distribution.
Example
Solution
Example

It was also known that <ACB and <BDE are right triangles and line AC is
parallel to BD. Determine the lengths of all lines of the triangulation system.
Solution
Survey2 Notes of AM Fillone, DLSU-Manila

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