Multidimensional Arrays
Processing Matrices and Jagged Arrays
SoftUni Team
Technical Trainers
Software University
https://about.softuni.bg/
Table of Contents
1. Multidimensional Arrays
Creating Matrices and Multidimensional Arrays
Accessing Their Elements
Reading and Printing
2. Jagged Arrays (Arrays of Arrays)
Creating a Jagger Array
Accessing Their Elements
Reading and Printing
Have a Question?
sli.do
#csharp-advanced
3
Multidimensional Arrays
Definition and Usage
What is a Multidimensional Array?
Array is a systematic arrangement of similar objects
Multidimensional arrays have more than one dimension
The most used multidimensional arrays are
the 2-dimensional, also called matrices
COLS
RO [0, 0] [0, 1] [0, 2] [0, 3] [0, 4]
W [1, 0] [1, 1] [1, 2] [1, 3] [1, 4]
S Col Index
[2, 0] [2, 1] [2, 2] [2, 3] [2, 4]
Row Index
5
Creating Multidimensional Arrays
Creating a multidimensional array in C#
Use the new keyword
Must specify the size of each dimension
int[,] intMatrix = new int[3, 4];
float[,] floatMatrix = new float[8, 2];
string[,,] stringCube = new string[5, 5, 5];
6
Initializing Multidimensional Arrays
Initializing with values:
int[,] matrix = {
{1, 2, 3, 4}, // row 0 values
{5, 6, 7, 8} // row 1 values
};
Two-dimensional arrays represent rows with values
The rows represent the first dimension and the columns
– the second (the one inside the first)
7
Accessing Elements
Accessing N-dimensional array element:
nDimensionalArray[index1, … , indexn]
Getting element value: 0 1 2
int[,] array = {{10, 20, 30}, {40, 50, 60}}; 10 20 30 row 0
int element11 = array[1, 0]; // element10 = 40 40 50 60 row 1
Setting element value:
Returns the size
int[,] array = new int[3, 4]; of the dimension
for (int row = 0; row < array.GetLength(0); row++)
for (int col = 0; col < array.GetLength(1); col++)
array[row, col] = row + col;
8
Printing a Matrix – Example (1)
int[,] matrix =
{ { 5, 2, 3, 1 },
{ 1, 9, 2, 4 },
{ 9, 8, 6, 11 } };
for (int row = 0; row < matrix.GetLength(0); row++)
{
for (int col = 0; col < matrix.GetLength(1); col++)
{
Console.Write("{0} ", matrix[row, col]);
}
Console.WriteLine();
}
9
Printing Matrix – Example (2)
Foreach iterates through all the elements in the matrix
int[,] matrix = {
{ 5, 2, 3, 1 },
{ 1, 9, 2, 4 },
{ 9, 8, 6, 9 }
};
foreach (int element in matrix)
{
Console.WriteLine(element + " ");
}
10
Problem: Sum Matrix Elements
Read a matrix from the console
Print the number of rows
Print the number of columns
Print the sum of all numbers in the matrix
3, 6 3, 4
7, 1, 3, 3, 2, 1 3 3
1, 2, 3, 1
1, 3, 9, 8, 5, 6 6 4
1, 2, 2, 4
4, 6, 7, 9, 1, 0 76 24
2, 2, 2, 2
Check your solution here: https://judge.softuni.org/Contests/Practice/Index/1452#0
11
Solution: Sum Matrix Elements (1)
int[] sizes = Console.ReadLine().Split(", ")
.Select(int.Parse).ToArray();
Gets length of 0th
int[,] matrix = new int[sizes[0], sizes[1]];
dimension (rows)
for (int row = 0; row < matrix.GetLength(0); row++) {
int[] colElements = Console.ReadLine().Split(", ")
.Select(int.Parse).ToArray();
for (int col = 0; col < matrix.GetLength(1); col++)
matrix[row, col] = colElements[col]; Gets length of 1st
} dimension (cols)
12
Solution: Sum Matrix Elements (2)
int sum = 0;
for (int row = 0; row < matrix.GetLength(0); row++)
{
for (int col = 0; col < matrix.GetLength(1); col++)
sum += matrix[row, col];
}
Console.WriteLine(matrix.GetLength(0));
Console.WriteLine(matrix.GetLength(1));
Console.WriteLine(sum);
13
Problem: Sum Matrix Columns
Read matrix sizes
Read a matrix from the console
Print the sum of all numbers in matrix columns
12
3, 6 10 3, 3
12
7 1 3 3 2 1 19 1 2 3
15
1 3 9 8 5 6 20 4 5 6
18
4 6 7 9 1 0 8 7 8 9
7
Check your solution here: https://judge.softuni.org/Contests/Practice/Index/1452#1
14
Solution: Sum Matrix Columns (1)
var sizes = Console.ReadLine()
.Split(", ").Select(int.Parse).ToArray();
int[,] matrix = new int[sizes[0], sizes[1]];
for (int r = 0; r < matrix.GetLength(0); r++) {
var col = Console.ReadLine().Split().Select(int.Parse).ToArray();
for (int c = 0; c < matrix.GetLength(1); c++) {
matrix[r, c] = col[c];
}
}
15
Solution: Sum Matrix Columns (2)
for (int c = 0; c < matrix.GetLength(1); c++) {
int sum = 0;
for (int r = 0; r < matrix.GetLength(0); r++) {
sum += matrix[r, c];
}
Console.WriteLine(sum);
}
16
Problem: Square with Maximum Sum
Find 2x2 square with max sum in given matrix
Read matrix from the console
Find biggest sum of 2x2 submatrix
Print the result as a new matrix, followed by the sum
3, 6
9 8
7, 1, 3, 3, 2, 1
7 9
1, 3, 9, 8, 5, 6
33
4, 6, 7, 9, 1, 0
Check your solution here: https://judge.softuni.org/Contests/Practice/Index/1452#4
17
Solution: Square with Maximum Sum
// TODO: Read the input from the console
for (int row = 0; row < matrix.GetLength(0) - 1; row++) {
for (int col = 0; col < matrix.GetLength(1) - 1; col++) {
var newSquareSum = matrix[row, col] +
matrix[row + 1, col] +
matrix[row, col + 1] +
matrix[row + 1, col + 1];
// TODO: Check if the sum is bigger
// remember the best sum, row and col
}
}
// TODO: Print the square with the max sum
18
Jagged Arrays
Definition and Usage
What is Jagged Array
Jagged arrays are multidimensional arrays
But each dimension may have a different size
A jagged array is an array of arrays
Each of the arrays has different length
0 1 2
int[][] jagged = new int[2][];
jagged[0] = new int[3]; row 0 … … …
jagged[1] = new int[2]; row 1 … …
Accessing elements Col Index
int element = jagged[0][1];
Row Index 20
Reading a Jagged Array
int rowsCount = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine()); 3
int[][] jagged = new int[rowsCount][]; 10 20 30
40
for (int row = 0; row < jagged.Length; row++) 50 60
{
string[] nums = Console.ReadLine().Split(' ');
jagged[row] = new int[nums.Length];
for (int col = 0; col < jagged[row].Length; col++)
{
jagged[row][col] = int.Parse(nums[col]);
}
}
21
Printing а Jagged Array – Example
Using a for loop Implement your
custom method
int[][] matrix = ReadJaggedArray();
for (int row = 0; row < matrix.Length; row++)
{
for (int col = 0; col < matrix[row].Length; col++)
Console.Write("{0} ", matrix[row][col]);
Console.WriteLine();
}
Using a foreach loop
int[][] matrix = ReadJaggedArray();
foreach (int[] row in matrix)
Console.WriteLine(string.Join(" ", row));
22
Read and Print a Jagged Array (Short Version)
// Allocate the array rows 3
int rows = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine()); 10 20 30
40
int[][] jagged = new int[rows][];
50 60
// Read the jagged array
for (int row = 0; row < jagged.Length; row++)
jagged[row] = Console.ReadLine().Split(' ')
.Select(int.Parse).ToArray();
// Print the jagged array
foreach (int[] row in jagged)
Console.WriteLine(string.Join(" ", row));
23
Problem: Jagged-Array Modification
On the first line you will get the number rows
On the next lines you will get the elements for each row
Until you receive "END", read commands
Add {row} {col} {value}
Subtract {row} {col} {value}
If the coordinates are invalid, print "Invalid coordinates"
When you receive "END", print the jagged array
Check your solution here: https://judge.softuni.org/Contests/Practice/Index/1452#5
24
Jagged-Array Modification – Example
3
1 2 3
4 5 6 7 Invalid coordinates 0 1 2
8 9 10 6 2 3 row 0 1 2 3
Add 0 0 5 4 5 4 7 row 1 4 5 6 7
Subtract 1 2 2 8 9 10 row 2 8 9 10
Subtract 1 4 7
END
25
Solution: Jagged-Array Modification (1)
int rowSize = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
int[][] matrix = new int[rowSize][];
for (int row = 0; row < rowSize; row++)
{
int[] columns = Console.ReadLine()
.Split()
.Select(int.Parse)
.ToArray();
matrix[row] = columns;
}
// continues on the next slide…
26
Solution: Jagged-Array Modification (2)
string line;
while ((line = Console.ReadLine()) != "END") {
string[] tokens = line.Split();
string command = tokens[0];
int row = int.Parse(tokens[1]); Check the row
int col = int.Parse(tokens[2]); and col ranges
int value = int.Parse(tokens[3]);
if (row < 0 || row >= matrix.Length || … )
Console.WriteLine("Invalid coordinates");
else
{ // TODO: Execute the command }
}
// TODO: Print the matrix
27
Problem: Pascal Triangle
Write a program to prints on the console the Pascal's Triangle
1
1 1 1
1 2 1 1 1 1
6 4 2
1 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 1
1 4 6 4 1 1 3 3 1
1 5 10 10 5 1
Check your solution here: https://judge.softuni.org/Contests/Practice/Index/1452#6
28
Solution: Pascal Triangle (1)
int height = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
long[][] triangle = new long[height][];
int currentWidth = 1;
for (long row = 0; row < height; row++)
{
triangle[row] = new long[currentWidth];
long[] currentRow = triangle[row];
currentRow[0] = 1;
currentRow[currentRow.Length - 1] = 1;
currentWidth++;
// TODO: Fill elements for each row (next slide)
}
29
Solution: Pascal Triangle (2)
if (currentRow.Length > 2)
{
for (int i = 1; i < currentRow.Length - 1; i++)
{
long[] previousRow = triangle[row - 1];
long prevoiousRowSum = previousRow[i] + previousRow[i - 1];
currentRow[i] = prevoiousRowSum;
}
}
// TODO: Print triangle
foreach (long[] row in triangle)
Console.WriteLine(string.Join(" ", row));
30
Summary
Multidimensional
… arrays
…Have more than one dimension
…Two-dimensional arrays are like tables
with rows and columns
Jagged arrays
Arrays of arrays
Each element is an array itself
31
Questions?
© SoftUni – https://about.softuni.bg. Copyrighted document. Unauthorized copy, reproduction or use is not permitted.
SoftUni Diamond Partners
Educational Partners
34
Trainings @ Software University (SoftUni)
Software University – High-Quality Education,
Profession and Job for Software Developers
softuni.bg, about.softuni.bg
Software University Foundation
softuni.foundation
Software University @ Facebook
facebook.com/SoftwareUniversity
Software University Forums
forum.softuni.bg
35
License
This course (slides, examples, demos, exercises, homework,
documents, videos and other assets) is copyrighted content
Unauthorized copy, reproduction or use is illegal
© SoftUni – https://about.softuni.bg/
© Software University – https://softuni.bg
36
