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Italian Unification Notes

In the early 1800s, Italy was comprised of separate city-states and territories under foreign rule. However, Italian unificationists like Mazzini, Cavour, and Garibaldi sought to create a single, independent Italian nation. Cavour diplomatically drew France and Britain into wars to weaken Austria's control over northern Italy. Garibaldi then militarily liberated southern Italy from Spanish rule in 1860. Finally, Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed king of a newly united Italy in 1861, incorporating most Italian lands though Rome remained under French protection until 1870.

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224 views12 pages

Italian Unification Notes

In the early 1800s, Italy was comprised of separate city-states and territories under foreign rule. However, Italian unificationists like Mazzini, Cavour, and Garibaldi sought to create a single, independent Italian nation. Cavour diplomatically drew France and Britain into wars to weaken Austria's control over northern Italy. Garibaldi then militarily liberated southern Italy from Spanish rule in 1860. Finally, Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed king of a newly united Italy in 1861, incorporating most Italian lands though Rome remained under French protection until 1870.

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Irfan Ali
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-Italian Unification-

I. In the early 1800s Italy was comprised of small autonomous cities


and provinces. However, several factors caused many Italians to
seek a unified nation

A. Napoleon had combined some Italian territories, giving


people a sense of Italian unity

B. After the Congress of Vienna many Italian territories


were under foreign rule

C. Italians had a common language and religion


II. During the 1830s and 1840s, strong
nationalist leaders emerged who wanted
a united Italy

A. Giuseppe Mazzini organized


a secret society known as
“Young Italy”

1. Mazzini was the


heart/voice of
unification

2. He wanted a liberal
democratic republic to
govern a united Italy
B. Count Camillo Cavour ran a
newspaper called “Risorgimento”, which
means, “The Resurrection”

1. Cavour was the brains of


unification

2. He favored a unified Italy led


by Sardinia
C. Giuseppe Garibaldi was a
military leader who commanded a
group known as the Red Shirts

1. Garibaldi was the sword


of unification

2. He would be responsible
for driving the Spanish out
of southern Italy
III. In 1848, Nationalists revolted against foreign rule in Italy

A. The revolt failed


IV. After 1848, several events helped Italy unify

A. Count Cavour, acting as prime minister of Sardinia, allied


his state with Britain and France against Russia in the
Crimean War

B. In 1858 Cavour convinced France to help Sardinia drive


Austria out of northern Italy

1. France received Nice and Savoy for its


participation
V. Italian Unification

A. Cavour had successfully driven foreign powers out of most


of northern Italy

1. Southern Italy was still controlled by the Spanish


Bourbons
B. With secret support in 1860, Garibaldi organized his Red Shirts
and forced the Bourbons out of southern Italy

1. Garibaldi turned his forces to Rome, which was protected


by the French

2. Cavour interceded and convinced Garibaldi to not attack


Rome
C. Garibaldi turned over his territory to the King of Sardinia, Victor Emmanuel

1. By 1870 Italy had added Venetia and Rome

2. After years of struggle Italy was unified

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