SWE – 105T
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING
Software Engineering Department
Sir Syed University of Engineering & Technology
DIGITAL STORAGE
Storage
A storage medium is the physical material on
which a computer keeps data, information,
programs, and applications
Cloud storage keeps information on servers
on the Internet, and the actual media on
which the files are stored are transparent to
the user
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Storage
• A storage device is the hardware that records
and/or retrieves items to and from storage media
Reading is the process
of transferring items
from a storage medium
into memory
Writing is the process of
transferring items from
memory to a storage
medium
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Storage
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Storage
• Capacity is the number of bytes a storage medium
can hold
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Storage
• Items on a storage medium remain intact even
when you turn off a computer or mobile device
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Storage
• Access time measures:
– The amount of time it
takes a storage device to
locate an item on a
storage medium
– The time required to
deliver an item from
memory to the
processor
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Hard Drives
• A hard disk, also called a hard disk drive (HDD) contains one
or more inflexible, circular platters that use magnetic particles
to store data, instructions, and information
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Hard Drives
• The storage capacity of hard disks varies and is
determined by:
– The number of platters the hard disk contains
– Whether the disk uses longitudinal or perpendicular
recording
– Density
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Hard Drives
• Formatting is the process of dividing the disk into tracks
and sectors
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Hard Drives
• Characteristics of a hard disk include:
Tracks Sectors Platters
Read/write Revolutions
Form factor
head per minute
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Hard Drives
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Hard Drives
• A head crash occurs when a read/write head
touches the surface of a platter
• Always keep a backup of your hard disk
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Hard Drives
• An SSD (solid state drive) is a flash memory storage
device that contains its own processor to manage its
storage
• An SSD (solid state drive) has several advantages over
traditional (magnetic) hard disks:
Faster access Faster transfer Quieter
More durable Lighter weight
times rates operation
Less power Less heat Defragmentatio
Longer life
consumption generation n not required
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Hard Drives
• An external hard disk is a separate freestanding
storage device that connects with a cable to a USB
port or other port on a computer or mobile device
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Hard Drives
• RAID (redundant array of independent disks) is a
group of two or more integrated hard disks or
SSDs
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Portable Flash Memory Storage
• A memory card is a removable flash memory
storage device that you insert and remove from a
slot in a computer, mobile device, or card
reader/writer
SDHC SDXC miniSD microSDHC microSDXC
xD Picture Memory Stick
CF M2
Card PRO Duo
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Portable Flash Memory Storage
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Portable Flash Memory Storage
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Portable Flash Memory Storage
• USB flash drives plug into a USB port on a
computer or mobile device
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Cloud Storage
• Cloud storage is an Internet service that provides
storage to computer or mobile device users
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Optical Discs
• An optical disc consists of a flat, round, portable
disc made of metal, plastic, and lacquer that is
written and read by a laser
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Optical Discs
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Optical Discs
• Optical discs commonly
store items in a single
track that spirals from
the center of the disc to
the edge of the disc
• Track is divided into
evenly sized sectors
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Optical Discs
A CD-ROM can be A CD-R is an optical
read from but not disc on which users
written to can write once, but
• Single-session disc not erase
A CD-RW is an
erasable
multisession disc
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Optical Discs
A DVD-ROM is a high-capacity optical disc on which users
can read but not write on or erase
A DVD-R or DVD+R are competing DVD-recordable WORM
formats, on which users can write once but not erase
DVD-RW, DVD+RW, and DVD+RAM are competing DVD-
rewritable formats that users can write on multiple times
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Enterprise Storage
• Enterprise hardware allows large organizations to
manage and store data and information using
devices intended for heavy use, maximum
efficiency, and maximum availability
– RAID duplicates data, instructions, and information to
improve data reliability
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Enterprise Storage
• Network attached storage (NAS) is a server that is
placed on a network with the sole purpose of
providing storage to users, computers, and
devices attached to the network
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Enterprise Storage
• A storage area network (SAN) is a high-speed
network with the sole purpose of providing
storage to other attached servers
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Enterprise Storage
• Tape is a magnetically
coated ribbon of plastic
capable of storing large
amounts of data and
information
• A tape drive reads and
writes data and
information on a
magnetic tape
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Other Types of Storage
• A magnetic stripe card has a magnetic stripe that
contains information
• A smart card stores data on an integrated circuit
embedded in the card
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Other Types of Storage
• The RFID tag consists of an antenna and a memory chip
that contains the information to be transmitted via radio
waves
• An RFID reader reads the radio signal and transfers the
information to a computer or computing device
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Other Types of Storage
• An NFC-enabled device contains an NFC chip
• An NFC tag contains a chip and an antenna that
contains information to be transmitted
• Most NFC tags are self-adhesive
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