Avogadro's Law Grade 10
Uploaded by
Constantino de Guzman Batay-an Jr.Avogadro's Law Grade 10
Uploaded by
Constantino de Guzman Batay-an Jr.AVOGADRO’S LAW C
CONSTANTINO DE GUZMAN BATAY-AN JR.
Amedeo Avogadro, in full Lorenzo Romano
Amedeo Carlo Avogadro, conte di Quaregna e
Cerreto, (born August 9, 1776, Turin, in the
Kingdom of Sardinia and Piedmont [Italy]—died
July 9, 1856, Turin), Italian mathematical physicist
who showed in what became known as
Avogadro’s law that, under controlled conditions of
temperature and pressure, equal volumes of gases
contain an equal number of molecules.
Avogadro’s law, a statement that under the same conditions
of temperature and pressure, equal volumes of different
gases contain an equal number of molecules. This empirical
relation can be derived from the kinetic theory of gases
under the assumption of a perfect (ideal) gas. The law is
approximately valid for real gases at sufficiently low
pressures and high temperatures.
The specific number of molecules in one gram-mole of a
substance, defined as the molecular weight in grams, is
6.02214076 × 1023, a quantity called Avogadro’s number, or
the Avogadro constant. For example, the molecular weight
of oxygen is 32.00, so that one gram-mole of oxygen has a
mass of 32.00 grams and contains 6.02214076 ×
1023 molecules.
Avogadro’s Law Formula
There are four common formulas representing Avogadro’s
law, where V is volume, n is number of moles of gas, and
k is a constant:
V∝n
V/n = k
V1/n1 = V2/n2
V1n2 = V2n1
Example of Avogadro’s Law in Everyday Life
The best example of Avogadro’s law is blowing
up a balloon. The balloon’s volume increases as
you add moles of gas. Similarly, when you
deflate a balloon, gas leaves the balloon and its
volume shrinks.
Avogadro's Law Problem
Solution
First, express Avogadro's law by its formula:
Vi/ni = Vf/nf
Where:
Vi = initial volume
ni = initial number of moles
Vf = final volume
nf = final number of moles
For this example, Vi = 6.0 L and ni = 0.5 mole. When 0.25 mole is added:
nf = ni + 0.25 mole
nf = 0.5 mole = 0.25 mole
nf = 0.75 mole
The only variable remaining is the final volume.
Vi/ni = Vf/nf
Solve for Vf
Vf = Vinf/ni
Vf = (6.0 L x 0.75 mole)/0.5 mole
Vf = 4.5 L/0.5 Vf = 9 L
Check to see if the answer makes sense. You would expect the
volume to increase if more gas is added. Is the final volume greater
than the initial volume? Yes. Doing this check is useful because it is
easy to put the initial number of moles in the numerator and the final
number of moles in the denominator. If this had happened, the final
volume answer would have been smaller than the initial volume.
Thus, the final volume of the gas is 9.0
1. 5.00 L of a gas is known to contain 0.965
mol. If the amount of gas is increased to 1.80
mol, what new volume will result (at an
unchanged temperature and pressure)?
Solution:
I'll use V1n2 = V2n1
(5.00 L) (1.80 mol) = (x) (0.965 mol)
x = 9.33 L
A cylinder with a movable piston contains 2.00 g of helium,
He, at room temperature. More helium was added to the
cylinder and the volume was adjusted so that the gas
pressure remained the same. How many grams of helium
were added to the cylinder if the volume was changed from
2.00 L to 2.70 L? (The temperature was held constant.)
Solution:
1) Convert grams of He to moles:
2.00 g / 4.00 g/mol = 0.500 mol
2) Use Avogadro's Law:
V1 / n1 = V2 / n2
2.00 L / 0.500 mol = 2.70 L / x
x = 0.675 mol
3) Compute grams of He added:
0.675 mol − 0.500 mol = 0.175 mol
(0.175 mol) (4.00 g/mol) = 0.7 grams of He added
A balloon contains a certain mass of neon gas.
The temperature is kept constant, and the same mass of
argon gas is added to the balloon. What happens?
(a) The balloon doubles in volume.
(b) The volume of the balloon expands by more than
two times.
(c) The volume of the balloon expands by less than two times.
(d) The balloon stays the same size but the pressure increases.
(e) None of the above.
• We can perform a calculation using Avogadro's Law:V 1 /
n1 = V2 / n2
• Let's assign V1 to be 1 L and V2 will be our unknown.
• Let us assign 1 mole for the amount of neon gas and assign
it to be n1.
The mass of argon now added is exactly equal to the neon,
but argon has a higher gram-atomic weight (molar mass)
than neon. Therefore less than 1 mole of Ar will be added.
Let us use 1.5 mol for the total moles in the balloon (which
will be n2) after the Ar is added. (I picked 1.5 because neon
weighs about 20 g/mol and argon weighs about 40 g/mol.)
1 / 1 = x / 1.5
x = 1.5
answer choice (c).