Multidimensional Modeling
SAP BW Architecture
InfoObjects
InfoCube Design
Data Sourcing
Meta Data Model
Data Staging
Download from Infocube
SAP AG 2000 SEM 210 2/2000 (Ulrich Hauke) / 1
Business Information Warehouse Architecture I
Business
Explorer 3rd party OLAP
clientclient
BAPI
OLAP processor Business
InfoCubes Information
Administrator Meta Data
Workbench Repository Warehouse
Staging Engine ODS Server
BAPI
SAP AG 2000 SEM 210 2/2000 (Ulrich Hauke) / 2
Business Information Warehouse Architecture II
Browser
3rd party OLAP Analyzer
client (hosted by MS Excel)
Business Explorer
BAPI
Administrator
OLAP Processor
Workbench
Administration Meta Data InfoCubes
Repository Meta Data Manager Data Manager
Scheduling
Business Information Staging Engine Operational
Monitor Warehouse Server Data Store
BAPI
Non R/3 Production Production Data OLTP
Data Extractor Extractor Reporting
Non R/3 OLTP Applications R/3 OLTP Applications
SAP AG 2000 SEM 210 2/2000 (Ulrich Hauke) / 3
Operational vs. Decision Support Environments
Operational Environment SEM Environment
Detailed, transaction data Often summarized data
Current data with minimal history Significant history required
Changing with business events Fixed as of a specific point in time
Minimally integrated with data from Significant integration with data from
other modules/applications other modules/applications
Highly normalized for performance Often highly denormalized or
restructured for queries
Update/Insert/Delete 2-7 years of data
30-60 days of data Data not associated with an application,
but rather integrated from various
Only data for specific function of
applications
application
SAP AG 2000 SEM 210 2/2000 (Ulrich Hauke) / 4
What is an InfoObject?
The various OLTP data models are unified for BW
Business objects / table fields become Data Sources
R/3
OLTP BW Extractor
Table of costcenters
CO
KOSTL ...
Controlling InfoObject
Data Sources “0COSTCENTER”
HR Table of employees
Human EMPLO COST_CENTER ...
Resources
InfoObjects are unique across
application components!
SAP AG 2000 SEM 210 2/2000 (Ulrich Hauke) / 5
InfoObject within BW
Generic term for Business Evaluation Object
Definition includes technical information and business logic
InfoObject components:
Technical Definition (such as length, format, check routines,
etc.)
Master Data, Texts
Attributes
Hierarchies
Compound Information
SAP AG 2000 SEM 210 2/2000 (Ulrich Hauke) / 6
Types of InfoObjects
Characteristics: evaluation groups like “Costcenter”,
“Product group”, “Material”
Have discrete values stored in their master data tables (e.g. the
characteristic “Region” has the values “North”, “South”, ...)
Special types of characteristics:
Time characteristics like “Fiscal period”, “Calendar year”, ...
Unit characteristics which comprise currencies and units of
measure like “Local currency” or “Sales quantity”
Keyfigures: continuously valued numerical fields like
amounts and quantities (e.g.: “Revenue” and “Sales
quantity”)
SAP AG 2000 SEM 210 2/2000 (Ulrich Hauke) / 7
InfoCube Concept 2.0
Summarized Data Infocubes
Consolidated Details ODS
Transactional Details Data Sources
SAP AG 2000 SEM 210 2/2000 (Ulrich Hauke) / 8
InfoCube Design
Central data stores for reports and evaluations
Contains two types of data
Key Figures
Characteristics
1 Fact Table and 16 Dimension Tables
3 Dimensions are predefined by SAP
Time
Unit
Info Package
SAP AG 2000 SEM 210 2/2000 (Ulrich Hauke) / 9
Star Schema in BW 1.2
(1) Facttable
(2) Dimension
(3) SID Char
(4) Master
(5) SID Attr
SAP AG 2000 SEM 210 2/2000 (Ulrich Hauke) / 10
Star Schema in BW 2.0
(1) Fact Table
(2) Dimension
(3) time-independent-SID
time-dependent-SID
traditional SID Char
(4) SID Attr
SAP AG 2000 SEM 210 2/2000 (Ulrich Hauke) / 11
Data Sources
How do Data Sources get into the BW Server:
Manual
Delivery of InfoObject
Business maintenance
SAP Content in BW
BAPI
Upload Meta Data
R/3 3.1 OLTP System R/3 4.0 OLTP System Non R/3 OLTP System
SAP AG 2000 SEM 210 2/2000 (Ulrich Hauke) / 12
Data Extraction 2.0A
InfoCubes
Business Information Update Rules
Warehouse Server
Staging Engine
InfoSource
Communication Structure
Transfer Rules Transfer Rules
DataSource
(Replikat)
Transfer Structure Transfer Structure
Transfer Structure Transfer Structure
DataSource Extract Structure Extract Structure
Source System 1 Source System 2
SAP AG 2000 SEM 210 2/2000 (Ulrich Hauke) / 13
Data Extraction 2.0A
Data Staging
Business Information
Warehouse Server InfoCubes
Staging Engine
Update Rules
InfoSource
DataSource Communication structure
Transfer Structure Transfer Structure Transfer Structure
Transfer Structure Transfer Structure Transfer Structure
Extract Source Structure Extract Source Structure
Extract Source Structure
OLTP System 1 OLTP System 2
SAP AG 2000 SEM 210 2/2000 (Ulrich Hauke) / 14
BW 2.0A Data Source
DataSource
Source System related Structure of fields
not related to InfoSources or InfoObjects in the BW System
InfoSource
defined by InfoObjects
can be related to many data sources of one ore many Source
Systems
Data upload now related to:
InfoSource-Source System-DataSource
InfoObjects are not designed in the Source System any longer
InfoObjects are global definitions in BW 2.0
SAP AG 2000 SEM 210 2/2000 (Ulrich Hauke) / 15
New Meta Data Model (OLTP)
InfoSources on OLTP are renamed into DataSources
No InfoObjects on OLTP anymore (!)
OLTP meta data just contains what is necessary
No difference between DataSources for master- and
transaction data
One table for all DataSources
Transport connection for DataSources
SAP content version for DataSources
SAP AG 2000 SEM 210 2/2000 (Ulrich Hauke) / 16
New Meta Data Model (BW)
Simple meta data upload
just replication of DataSources
no creation of global meta data
Transfer structures and Update Rules for Texts
All assignments / update rules in BW
single point of entry
Decentralised content development
1:N assignment for DataSources to InfoSources / InfoObjects
support for IBU DataSources
SAP AG 2000 SEM 210 2/2000 (Ulrich Hauke) / 17
Transfer Rules
1.2B
transactional InfoSources
master data but only for attributes
2.0A
available for all DataSources
transactional Data Sources
Text
Attriubtes
Hierarchies
SAP AG 2000 SEM 210 2/2000 (Ulrich Hauke) / 18
Meta Data Upload 2.0
BW Server
Global InfoSources InfoObjects
Meta Data Transaction Data Attributes Texts Hierarchies Generated
InfoSources
Assignment
2LIS*
InfoSources / InfoObjects InfoObjects
(Transfer Rules)
MATNR
“Content”
DataSources Fields
0MATERIAL
EXIT
DataSources OLTP System 1 OLTP System 2 OLTP System 3 InfoObject
(Replication) creation
0CO_CCA_INI 0CO_CCA_INI 0CO_CCA_INI
0MATERIAL_TEXT 0ARTICLE_TEXT ....
0MATERIAL ATTR 0ARTICLE_ATTR
OLTP System 1 OLTP System 2
Data Source Types Extract Structures
0CO_CCA_INI Transaction data F1 F2 F3 ...
0CO_CCA_DELTA Transaction data F1 F2 F4 ...
2_LIS_S555 Transaction data F5 F6 F7 ...
0MATERIAL_ATTR Master data F5 F8 F9 ...
0MATERIAL_TEXT Texts
F5 T1 T2 ...
0MATERIAL_LGEN_HIER Hierarchies H1 H2 H3...
SAP AG 2000 SEM 210 2/2000 (Ulrich Hauke) / 19
Data Staging Process 2.0 Master Data
BW Server
InfoObject 0MATERIAL
Properties: TYPE = ‘CHAR’
LENGTH = ‘18’
etc. .....
Master Data Table Text Table Hierarchy Table
0MATERIAL 0MAT_TYPE ... 0MATERIAL 0TXTSH HIEID NODEID
Transfer Transfer
Transfer
Rules Rules
Rules
DataSource DataSource
DataSource 0MATERIAL_TEXT
0MATERIAL_ATTR 0ARTICLE_ATTR
Transfer structure Transfer structure Transfer structure Extract structure
F1 F3 F4 ... F1 F5 F7 ... F1 T1 T2 ... H1 H2 H3 ...
OLTP System Core OLTP System Retail
DataSource DataSource DataSource DataSource
0MATERIAL_ATTR 0MATERIAL_TEXT 0MATERIAL_LGEN_HIER 0ARTICLE_ATTR
Transfer structure Transfer structure Transfer structure
Extract Structures
F1 F3 F4 ... F1 T1 T2 ... F1 F5 F7 ...
Extract Structure Extract Structure H1H2 H3 H4 Extract Structure
F1 F2 F3 F4 ... F1 T1 T2 T3 ... H5H6 H7 H8 F1 F5 F6 F7 ...
SAP AG 2000 SEM 210 2/2000 (Ulrich Hauke) / 20
Enhancements Data Staging Process
Delta Upload for Multiple BW Systems
Multiple Init Selections
Scheduler - Subsequent Processing
Event Chains
Download from InfoCube
Additional Delete Features
Scheduler - Data selection
Update data for Infocube
Roll up and Compress InfoCubes
SAP AG 2000 SEM 210 2/2000 (Ulrich Hauke) / 21
Download from InfoCube
Download:
DB table
Frontend
Excel
Word
Lotus 1-2-3
ASCII
DBASE
.
.
.
SAP AG 2000 SEM 210 2/2000 (Ulrich Hauke) / 22
