Aircraft General

Knowledge
Session 27
Aircraft Maintenance
 KNOWLEDGE CHECK !

Can an aircraft
fly without
Elevators ?
 KNOWLEDGE CHECK !

Can an aircraft
fly without
Elevators ?

YES
 KNOWLEDGE CHECK !

Can an aircraft
fly without
Elevators ?

ELEVONS
 Aircraft Maintenance
▪ The aircraft maintenance is done to
INTRODUCTION
ensure that a plane is fit to fly.
▪ Modern aircraft come with complex
systems that require not only
knowledge in maintenance
procedures, functionalities, and
policies but also mechanical skills.
 Aircraft Maintenance

REGULATIONS

The maintenance of aircraft is highly

regulated, in order to ensure safe and
correct functioning during flight.
 Aircraft Maintenance
▪ In Civil Aviation national regulations are
REGULATIONS coordinated under international
standards, established by the ICAO.
▪ The ICAO standards have to be
implemented by local 
airworthiness authorities to regulate the
maintenance tasks, personnel and
inspection system.
▪ Maintenance staff must be licensed for
the tasks they carry out.
Aircraft Maintenance

WHY ?
We need to schedule various types of
aircraft maintenance inspections at
regular intervals in terms of
preventing future accidents.
 Aircraft Maintenance

WHAT ?
Aircraft maintenance checks
are the periodic inspections
that have to be done on all
commercial and civil aircraft
after a certain
interval or usage.
Aircraft Maintenance
▪ An Aircraft Maintenance Engineer
WHO ?
is responsible to perform all the
maintenance tasks of aircrafts.
▪ To become an aircraft engineer, a
candidate needs to complete an
aeronautical engineering degree
and CAA Approved Aircraft
maintenance Engineering (AME)
Certificate.
 Aircraft Maintenance
TYPES OF AIRCRAFT ▪ Types of aircraft inspections can be
MAINTENANCE
SERVICES divided into two broad categories,
which include
▪ Scheduled Inspections
▪ Unscheduled Inspections
 Aircraft Maintenance
TYPES OF AIRCRAFT ▪ Types of aircraft inspections can be divided
MAINTENANCE
SERVICES
into two broad categories, which include
▪ Scheduled Inspections
▪ Unscheduled Inspections
▪ Both scheduled and unscheduled
maintenance and aircraft inspections are
necessary for all aircraft to ensure that
they are safe to fly and airworthy. 
 Aircraft Maintenance
SCHEDULED Objectives
MAINTENANCE
INSPECTIONS ▪ We perform schedule maintenance
to make sure that the aircraft is fit to
fly.
▪ Changing oil, examining, cleaning
and gaping the spark plugs and
checking the engine for any damage.
 Aircraft Maintenance
SCHEDULED Objectives
MAINTENANCE
INSPECTIONS ▪ Progressive Inspections are
performed at regular intervals to
examine main body and some
certain components of the aircraft
for fatigue, cracks etc and proper
operation.
 Aircraft Maintenance
SCHEDULED Scheduled aircraft inspection refers to
MAINTENANCE
INSPECTIONS any preventative maintenance that
either the cabin crew or technicians
perform at regular intervals.
▪ Basically, there are four types
of Aircraft Maintenance Checks
–A, B, C, D.
 Aircraft Maintenance
SCHEDULED
MAINTENANCE It includes
INSPECTIONS ▪ Annual examinations,
▪ 100/50-hours inspections,
▪ Preflight checks, and
▪ Progressive inspections
 Aircraft Maintenance
SCHEDULED ▪ Here, the A and B types of Aircraft
MAINTENANCE
INSPECTIONS Maintenance Services are also called
as Line Maintenance, because,
these maintenance can be
performed without sending the
aircraft to hanger.
▪ These A and B types of maintenance
is just for the common problems.
 Aircraft Maintenance
SCHEDULED ▪ However, if you ignore
MAINTENANCE such Common Aircraft
INSPECTIONS
Maintenance Problems, once it
may lead to many Types of Aircraft
Defects and ultimately may cause a
big accident.
▪ Thus, these are very important
checks we need to perform at
regular intervals.
 Aircraft Maintenance
SCHEDULED ▪ C and D types of checks are
MAINTENANCE comparatively more detailed
INSPECTIONS
inspections and so it required much
longer time.
– C type of check is usually
performed after every 2 years.
– D type of check is much more
extensive as it puts the aircraft out
of service for longer period.
 Aircraft Maintenance
SCHEDULED Annual Inspection
MAINTENANCE
INSPECTIONS ▪ Annual aircraft inspection happens
once every twelve months.
▪ It is necessary for all aircraft
regardless of whether they are used
for recreational purpose, flight
instruction, or hire.
 Aircraft Maintenance
SCHEDULED Annual Inspection
MAINTENANCE
INSPECTIONS ▪ The scope and details of the annual
aircraft inspection are outlined in the
FAR 43 Appendix D while the
requirements for a yearly aircraft
inspection can be found in FAR
91. 409a.
 Aircraft Maintenance
SCHEDULED Annual Inspection
MAINTENANCE
INSPECTIONS ▪ The scope and details of the annual
aircraft inspection are outlined in the
FAR 43 Appendix D while the
requirements for a yearly aircraft
inspection can be found in FAR
91. 409a.
 Aircraft Maintenance
SCHEDULED Annual Inspection
MAINTENANCE
INSPECTIONS ▪ Annual aircraft inspections cover more
details than preflight and 100-hours
inspections.
▪ It includes all the examinations performed
in other aircraft inspections such as flight
controls and avionics checks, testing and
inspecting the engine, review of all
aircraft logbooks, and flight surfaces
checks.
 Aircraft Maintenance
SCHEDULED Annual Inspection
MAINTENANCE
INSPECTIONS ▪ Aircraft maintenance crew usually
notes down any problem or defect
found in a plane during the annual
inspection and repairs them to
restore the airworthiness of the
aircraft before it flies.
 Aircraft Maintenance
SCHEDULED 50 Hours Inspections
MAINTENANCE
▪ All aircraft that are operated for flight
INSPECTIONS
instruction or hire must undergo 50-hour or
100-hour inspections.
▪ However, aircraft owners and cabin crew
should understand that the FAA doesn’t
mandate the 50-hour maintenance.
▪ But aircraft technicians and owners should
consider it.
 Aircraft Maintenance
SCHEDULED 50 Hours Inspections
MAINTENANCE
INSPECTIONS ▪ 50-hour inspection can include inspecting
the engine for wear and tear and gapping,
cleaning, and examining the spark plugs. If
the aircraft maintenance crew finds any
excessive wear and tear, the damaged
components are replaced to restore the
airworthiness of a plane before it flies.
 Aircraft Maintenance
SCHEDULED 100 Hours Inspections
MAINTENANCE
INSPECTIONS
▪ The FAA mandates all aircraft
regardless of their use to undergo
the 100-hour inspections.
▪ Aircraft owners and pilots can find
those regulations under FAR 91.
409b provisions.
 Aircraft Maintenance
SCHEDULED 100 Hours Inspections
MAINTENANCE
INSPECTIONS
▪ The maintenance crew inspect all
the major components of an aircraft
and removes all fairings, cowlings,
access doors, and inspection plates
during the 100-hour inspection.
 Aircraft Maintenance
SCHEDULED Preflight Checks
MAINTENANCE
INSPECTIONS ▪ The preflight plane inspection
includes walking around the plane and
inspecting any flight control surfaces
and fuselage components for wear
and tear and defects.
▪ Pilots must use a checklist so that
nothing is forgotten when performing
a preflight check.
 Aircraft Maintenance
SCHEDULED Preflight Checks
MAINTENANCE
INSPECTIONS
▪ The cabin crew has to perform some
preflight checks before the plane
flies to make sure that nothing is
malfunctioned or in a defect.
 Aircraft Maintenance
SCHEDULED Progressive Inspections
MAINTENANCE
INSPECTIONS ▪ Also known as phase inspection,
continuous inspection is utilized when
an airplane with a tight flight schedule
cannot take long in the maintenance
hangar. Ongoing checks should take
place at regular intervals. An aircraft
owner can schedule a regular
inspection every 25 or 50 hours.
 Aircraft Maintenance
SCHEDULED Progressive Inspections
MAINTENANCE
INSPECTIONS ▪ Specific components of an aircraft are
tested and examined for efficiency and
safety during each continuous
inspection session.
▪ The technical team performs this
inspection orderly to allow for the
completion of all the requirements for
the annual and 100-hour review on time.
 Aircraft Maintenance
UNSCHEDULED ▪ An Unscheduled Aircraft
MAINTENANCE Maintenance Inspection may occur
INSPECTIONS
anytime when a component has
malfunctioned or is suspected of
malfunctioning.
▪ To identify the Aircraft Structural
Damage Types, we need to
perform a conditional inspection.
Aircraft Maintenance

LIFE CYCLE OF
AIRCRAFT
QUESTIONS ?