Generator

• The device that is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy is
called generator.
 Brushless exciter synchronous generator
• An electric generator that is connected to the shaft of a gas or steam
turbine to generate electric power is known as a turbo generator.
Turbo generators with huge steam-powered mainly provide electricity
all over the world. These generators are also used in steam-powered
turbo-electric ships. The small turbo-generators operated through gas
turbines are frequently used as APU (auxiliary power units) especially
for aircraft. A Turbo generator picture is shown below
 Basic principle of electicity generator
• The turbo generator works on the Electromagnetic Induction
principle. Once this turbine is connected to the electrical generator
then kinetic energy (K.E) of the vapor drives in opposition to the fan-
type blades in the turbine, thus the rotor in the electrical generator
will rotate and generate electricity.
 Applications
Hydrogen
• Hydrogen goes through air gap and it is cooled by cooler.
Teflon
• Teflon tube which are connected to ring header the water which flows
inside the teflon tube and goes to the conductor and bushing. Cold water
transfer from excitor to turbine and out through the ring header.
RTD
• Resistance temperature detector is used to identify the stator
temperature, rotar temperature, conductor temperature, etc and other
many parts of the generator.
 Parts of Generator
Stationary Device Rotational Device
(Stator) (Rotar)
 Construction detail of rotar and stator
Turbo Generator Construction
• The construction of a turbogenerator can be done by using different
components like stator, stator frame, stator core, stator winding, bushing,
excitation system, cooling system, rotor, rotor shaft, rotor winding, retaining
ring, rotor wedges, and rotor fan. The turbo generator parts are discussed
below.
Stator & Stator Frame
• The stator is a stationary part of the generator whereas the stator frame is the
heaviest part in the generator. The body of the stator is completely enclosed
with gas and its structure is made up of high-quality austenitic steel & mild
steel. This frame is used to reduce vibration & to endure the pressure of gas
thermal.
 Stator Core
• Stator core includes a thin lamination where every lamination is made with a
number of the individual segment. The main features of stator cores are, they
give mechanical support and carry magnetic flux efficiently. Here, thin
laminations are used to decrease eddy current.
Stator Winding
• Stator winding has three phases and double layer winding with a pitch, so we can
adjust to decrease the 5th & 7th harmonics.
Bushing
• The opening and ending of the 3-phase windings are detached from the stator
frame using bushings for providing high voltage insulation. These bushings are
connected to the stator frame at the end of the excitor.
• The rotor shaft is a solid single piece, designed from vacuum cast steel where the
slots are arranged on it. The rotor body edge is provided with 60% of longitudinal
slots with field winding.
 Rotor Wedges
• The rotor is a rotating part of the turbo generator thus it protects the winding from the
centrifugal force effects and they are protected by rotor slot wedges. These wedges are designed
with a copper alloy.
Rotor Fan
The cooling air within the turbo generator is dispersed through axial fans which are placed on the
shaft of the rotor. For instance, in the 250 MW rotor type, two axial flow fans are used on both
exciter end & turbine while in 500 MW axial fans are mainly used on the end side of the turbine
only.
Hydrogen and water Cooling System
The cooling system in the turbo generator is mainly used to dissolve the generated heat through
different losses & to extend the insulating material’s life. This system is separated into three parts
like air cooling, hydrogen, and water cooling.
 Construction detail of generator exciter
Turbo Generator Assembly
• Once both the rotor and the stator are manufactured, then all these parts are connected
over the assembly bed.
Excitation System
• Excitation is the procedure of magnetic field generation through an electric current.
Turbogenerator is a particularly exciting machine. The excitation system provides the
suitable D.C field current continuously to the field winding over the assembly bed.
Brushless Exciter
• Brushless exciter includes two essential parts like a 3-phase main exciter & a permanent
magnetic pilot exciter.
 Types of Generator Cooling
• Generators are available in three types which include the following.
• Air-cooled Turbo Generator
• Hydrogen-cooled Turbo Generator
• Water-cooled Turbo Generator
Advantage and Disadvantage of Generator

Advantage Disadvantage
• High reliability. • It includes small components.
• Control response is high. • Its maintenance is difficult due to the
• Efficiency is high. intricate nature of the components.
• Long service life. • It uses the very low speed of air to
delay the performance.
• It doesn’t depend on the temperature
of the air. • Size is big.
• Simple to incorporate through an • Heavyweight
accessible rig. • Expensive
• to assemble onto the rig