Commerce
Commerce is the buying and selling of goods and services—
basically, people trading stuff they have or can do for things they
want or need.
It's like a big marketplace where buying, selling, and exchanging
happen.
کامرس د تولیدونکي او مصرف کوونکي تر منځ د رابطې په قایمولو کې مرسته کوي.
Trade and Aids to Trade in Commerce
In Commerce, "trade" is the exchange of goods or services
between people, companies, or countries.
"Aids to trade" are things that help make buying and
selling easier, like good transportation, better
communication (like the internet), or even education about
how to trade well. They're tools or improvements that make
trading smoother and more efficient.
Internal trade in commerce is just the buying and
selling of things within one country. It's when people
or businesses trade goods and services with others
inside the same country, without involving other
nations.
External trade in commerce is when people or
businesses from one country buy and sell things
with those from other countries. It's basically
trading goods and services between different
nations.
Wholesale trade is when businesses buy products in large
quantities from manufacturers or suppliers and then sell
them to other businesses, not to individual customers. It's
like buying a lot of things at once for a lower price per item
and selling them in smaller amounts to make a profit.
Retail trade is when businesses buy products
from wholesalers or manufacturers and sell
them directly to individual customers. It's what
happens in stores or online shops where you
buy things for personal use.
Transportation in commerce means moving things (like
goods or products) from one place to another. It could be
using trucks, ships, planes, or trains to deliver items from
where they're made to where they're sold or used. It's like
the delivery service for stuff people buy or sell.
Insurance in commerce is like a safety net for businesses. They pay
a certain amount of money to an insurance company, and in return, if
something bad happens that they're insured for (like damage,
accidents, or losses), the insurance company helps cover the costs.
It's like a protective shield against unexpected problems that could
cost a lot of money.
Warehousing in commerce is like a safe storage
place for goods or products. It's where businesses
keep their stuff before selling it. Warehouses hold
inventory until it's needed, making sure everything is
organized and ready to be sent out when customers
want to buy it.
Banking in commerce is like a helper for managing
money. Banks store your money, help you borrow if
you need, and let you pay for things without using
cash. They also give loans to businesses and help
with other financial services, like investments and
keeping your money safe.
Advertising in commerce is like telling everyone
about a product or service you're selling. It's using
different ways, like TV, internet, or billboards, to
show people why they should buy something or use a
service. It's basically spreading the word to attract
customers.
Middlemen or Intermediaries.
These are individuals or businesses that stand between the
producers (who make the products) and the customers (who
buy and use the products). Middlemen can include
wholesalers, retailers, distributors, or agents who help get
products from the producers to the end consumers.
