TYPES OF BITUMEN
PRESENTED BY:
STELA SHRESTHA
CRN: KAN076BCE087
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BITUMINOUS ROAD BINDER
ROAD BITUMEN ROAD TAR
NATURAL BITUMEN PETROLEUM BITUMEN
PENETRETION GRADE LIQUID BITUMEN
BITUMEN (PGB)
LAKE ROCK CUTBACK EMULSION
ASPHALT ASPHALT BITUMEN BITUMEN
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ROAD BITUMEN
Bitumen is a viscous substance that
exists in a liquid to a semi-solid
phase. It has a blackish-brown
color.
It is generally composed of
asphaltene resin and other
petroleum compounds.
They are soluble in carbon
disulphide and widely used as
binder in road construction.
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ROAD BITUMEN ROAD TAR
• It is found naturally or comes • The tar is obtained through a
through refining processes from
crude oil.
special distillation process
• Bitumen is a hydrocarbon substance.
from wood or coal.
• Widely used in road construction • Tar wood used to waterproof
boats and eradicate germs.
• Not used for road construction
Road Bitumen and Road Tar. (photo by
http://www.infintygalaxy.org).
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NATURAL BITUMEN (GILSONITE)
Living organisms buried under sedimentary rocks were converted to natural bitumen
under the pressure of the upper sedimentary layers and temperatures above 50 °C.
Bitumen is now found in hills and oil lakes. Most of the bitumen resources are in
Canada, Venezuela, and Oman. There are also natural bitumen mines in the west
of Iran. It has different ash content.
A natural asphalt lake in Trinidad in Natural Rock Asphalt
present times. (photo by (http://www.glisonite.co/)
http://www.vaasphalt.org).
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PENETRATION
GRADE BITUMEN
• Penetration bitumen is the most
widely used bitumen for road
construction.
• Penetrometer apparatus classifies the
type of bitumen.
• The deeper the needle penetrates into
the bitumen surface, the softer it will
be and suitable for colder weather.
And vice versa.
• The most widely used penetration
grade bitumen for road construction
in Nepal is of grade of 80/100.
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In the table below, you can see the different grades of this penetrating
grade bitumen along with its application.
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VISCOSITY
GRADE BITUMEN
• They are classified based on its
viscosity after production of the
bitumen in the refinery.
• This classification is almost newer
than penetration classification.
• The highest consumption of this
bitumen is in India.
• Viscosity bitumen has four different
grades that are VG 10, VG20, VG30,
and VG 40. They have different
applications.
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THE REASON FOR USING VISCOSITY GRADING INSTEAD OF
PENETRATION IS THE CHANGE IN VISCOSITY OF BITUMEN AT
HIGH TEMPERATURES.
Here are some advantages of VG bitumen to Pen grades:
• This grading system is designed to increase the accuracy of bitumen in
hot temperatures. A specific grade of pen bitumen may show various
results at a specific temperature, but VG bitumen behaves always the
same.
• When there is a need to predict bitumen behavior in the hottest time of
the year as well as its properties in normal weather conditions, VG
bitumen is a better choice. Since viscosity testing is based on
experimenting with bitumen’s properties at three different temperatures
(25° C, 60° C, and 135° C), all grades of VG bitumen come with an
easier application.
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EMULSION BITUMEN
• Emulsion Bitumen is the
chemical combination of
bitumen and water.
• They were introduced to avoid
the environmental damages of
cutback bitumen as water is a
reliable alternative to organic
solvents to dilute bitumen.
• Emulsion bitumen is beneficial
to waterproofing, spraying, and
tack coats between layers of
Emulsion are generally of two type: asphalt pavement, chip seals,
1. General Emulsion: Major content of bitumen and slurry seals, and micro
minor water surfacing.
2. Reverse Emulsion: Major water and minor
bitumen content • Transporting, handling, and
Bitumen emulsions are also ideal for pavement storing bitumen emulsion are all
maintenance and renovating old roads.
easy, economical, and safe.
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CUTBACK BITUMEN
• Cutbacks are also used in cases
where bitumen cannot be
preheated to make asphalt.
• To prepare cutback bitumen,
penetration bitumen is mixed
with organic solvents in a certain
amount. These organic solvents
include gasoline, naphtha, diesel
The only concern was the harm that cutback bitumen oil, and furnace oil.
had, to the environment. The volatile solvents were
hazardous to nature, humans, and the environment. • This type of bitumen is suitable
1. Tack coat: Asphalt emulsion (bonding between for cold climates. The solvents
two layer of binder course) evaporate when bitumen is used.
2. Prime coat: cutback bitumen(coat penetrates into
the layer below, plugs the voids, and forms a • The cutback is suitable for
water tight surface) primer sealing and sprayed
sealing.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
http//www.infinitygalaxy.org
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