Logical Instructions In 8086 Micro Processor
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Introduction to Logical Instructions in 8086 Micro Processor
• Logical instructions in 8086 micro processor are used to perform logical
operations on binary data.
• These instructions manipulate individual bits or groups of bits within
registers or memory locations.
• Logical instructions include AND, OR, XOR, NOT, and shift/rotate
instructions.
AND Instruction
• The AND instruction performs a bitwise AND operation between two
operands.
• It sets the result to 1 if both corresponding bits are 1; otherwise, it sets the
result to 0.
• The operands can be registers, memory locations, or immediate values.
OR Instruction
• The OR instruction performs a bitwise OR operation between two
operands.
• It sets the result to 1 if at least one of the corresponding bits is 1;
otherwise, it sets the result to 0.
• The operands can be registers, memory locations, or immediate values.
XOR Instruction
• The XOR instruction performs a bitwise exclusive OR operation between
two operands.
• It sets the result to 1 if the corresponding bits are different; otherwise, it
sets the result to 0.
• The operands can be registers, memory locations, or immediate values.
NOT Instruction
• The NOT instruction performs a bitwise complement operation on an
operand.
• It inverts all the bits of the operand, changing 1s to 0s and vice versa.
• The operand can be a register or a memory location.
Shift Instructions
• Shift instructions are used to shift the bits of a value left or right.
• The SHL (shift left) instruction shifts the bits to the left, filling the empty
positions with zeros.
• The SHR (shift right) instruction shifts the bits to the right, filling the
empty positions with zeros.
Rotate Instructions
• Rotate instructions are similar to shift instructions but with a circular shift
behavior.
• The ROL (rotate left) instruction shifts the bits to the left, moving the
leftmost bit to the rightmost position.
• The ROR (rotate right) instruction shifts the bits to the right, moving the
rightmost bit to the leftmost position.
Flags Affected by Logical Instructions
• The logical instructions in 8086 micro processor affect various flags in the
FLAGS register.
• The flags affected include the carry flag (CF), zero flag (ZF), sign flag
(SF), parity flag (PF), and overflow flag (OF).
• These flags are updated based on the result of the logical operation
performed.
AND Instruction Example
• Example: AND AX, 0xFF00
• This instruction performs a bitwise AND operation between the value in
AX and 0xFF00.
• The result is stored back in AX, preserving the original value of the lower
8 bits.
OR Instruction Example
• Example: OR BX, 0x00FF
• This instruction performs a bitwise OR operation between the value in BX
and 0x00FF.
• The result is stored back in BX, preserving the original value of the higher
8 bits.
XOR Instruction Example
• Example: XOR CX, 0xAAAA
• This instruction performs a bitwise exclusive OR operation between the
value in CX and 0xAAAA.
• The result is stored back in CX, changing the bits that correspond with the
1s in 0xAAAA.
NOT Instruction Example
• Example: NOT DL
• This instruction performs a bitwise complement operation on the value in
DL.
• The result is stored back in DL, inverting all the bits of the original value.
Shift Instructions Example
• Example: SHL SI, 2
• This instruction shifts the bits of SI to the left by 2 positions.
• The empty positions are filled with zeros, and the shifted result is stored
back in SI.
Rotate Instructions Example
• Example: ROR DI, 3
• This instruction rotates the bits of DI to the right by 3 positions.
• The rightmost 3 bits are moved to the leftmost positions, and the rotated
result is stored back in DI.
Logical Instructions and Conditional Branching
• Logical instructions are often used in conjunction with conditional
branching instructions.
• Conditional branches allow the program to change its flow based on the
result of a logical operation.
• For example, the JZ (jump if zero) instruction jumps to a specified location
if the zero flag (ZF) is set.
Logical Instructions in Assembly Language Programming
• Logical instructions play a crucial role in assembly language programming.
• They allow programmers to manipulate and control binary data efficiently.
• Understanding the behavior and usage of logical instructions is essential
for writing efficient assembly code.
Summary of Logical Instructions
• Logical instructions in 8086 micro processor perform operations on binary
data.
• They include AND, OR, XOR, NOT, shift, and rotate instructions.
• These instructions manipulate individual bits or groups of bits within
registers or memory locations.
Conclusion
• Logical instructions are fundamental in 8086 micro processor
programming.
• They provide powerful capabilities for manipulating and controlling binary
data.
• Mastering the usage of logical instructions is essential for efficient
assembly language programming.
References
• Reference 1: "8086/8088 Primer: An Introduction to their Architecture,
System Design, and Programming" by Stephen P. Morse.
• Reference 2: "Microprocessor Architecture, Programming, and
Applications with the 8085/8080A" by Ramesh S. Gaonkar.
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