STRENGTH OF MATERIALS-
II
Prepared by: Alayu M. (Msc)
Mechanical Eng’ng Dep’nt
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Module description
Complex stress, Stresses on Oblique Planes, Material Subjected to
Pure Shear, Principal Plane Inclination in terms of the Associated
Principal Stresses, Mohr’s Stress Circle, Strain Energy (by Tension or
Compression, Shear, Bending, and Torsion loads), Work Done due to
Suddenly Applied Load, Castigliano’s Theorem for Deflection,
Unit–Load Method, Statically Indeterminate Structures, Curved
Beams, Inclined Bending of Beams Having Symmetrical Cross Sections,
Beams Having Non–Symmetrical Cross Sections, Mohr’s Circle of
Inertia, Thin and Thick Cylinders, Difference in Treatment between
Thin and Thick Cylinders, Development of the Lame Theory, Torsion of
Non – Circular and Thin – Walled Section.
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Learning Outcome
Analyze the stress and strain transformation at a point in two dimensions
and determine the principal stresses/strains and their orientation.
Understanding the different method of energy method and its
application on deflection solving.
Apply different methods to solve for the deflection of statically
indeterminate beam and the reactions, shear force and bending moment
of statically indeterminate beams.
Analyzing a beam of different shape (curved) and a beam with symmetric
and non-symmetrical cross sections.
Apply different theories and technics to analyze the effect of torsion on
non-circular and thin-walled section.
Design some structural member with different loading condition.
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Allocated time (hours)
Academic content of the
module
Lecture Tutorial Laboratory Self-Study
Complex Stresses 8 12 0 15
Curved Beams 4 4 0 5
Thin and Thick Cylinders 4 4 2 10
Energy Methods 6 9 0 10
Statically Indeterminate Structures 4 6 0 5
Unsymmetrical Bending 6 9 0 10
Torsion of Non – Circular and Thin – Walled 6 9 0 10
Section
Learning activity and teaching methods Lecture, tutorial, laboratory demonstration, etc.
Tools01/24/2024
and resources Books, power points and videos. 4
Cont..
Role of Instructor and Students
Instructor Gives lecture, guides and moderates the students.
He/she will help the students to clearly visualize problems
and show methods to tackle them.
Students Students will participate in lecture, but the students are
expected to participate actively in the class during tutorial
and lab hours by asking and solving problems.
Assessment criteria and grading system Assessment type Weight
Assignments 15
Quizzes 15
Mid exam 20
Final Examination 50
Total 100%
Modular requirement Minimum of 75% overall class attendance
100% attendance during laboratory demonstration
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Reconsideration Lectures
Stresses and Strain (Simple and Principal)
Strength of Material is its ability to withstand and applied load
without failure.
Elasticity: Property of material by which it return to its original shape
and size after removing the applied load , is called elasticity. And
material itself is said to elastic.
Plasticity: Characteristics of material by which it undergoes inelastic
strains (Permanent Deformation) beyond the elastic limit, known as
plasticity. This property is useful for pressing and forging.```
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Direct or Normal Strain
When loads are applied to a body, some deformation will occur
resulting to a change in dimension.
Consider a bar, subjected to axial tensile loading force, F. If the bar
extension is dl and its original length (before loading) is l, then tensile
strain is:
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Direct Stress Contd.
Direct stress may be tensile or compressive and result from forces
acting perpendicular to the plane of the cross-section
Tension
Compression
Compression by amount, dl: Compressive strain = - dl/L
Note: Strain is positive for an increase in dimension and negative for a reduction
in dimension.
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Shear Stress and Shear Strain
Shear stresses are produced by equal and opposite parallel forces not in
line.
The forces tend to make one part of the material slide over the other part.
Shear stress is tangential to the area over which it acts.
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Strain
It is defined as deformation per unit length
it is the ratio of change in length to original length
Tensile strain = increase in length =
(+ Ve) () Original length L
Compressive strain = decrease in length =
(- Ve) () Original length L L
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Ultimate Strength
The strength of a material is a measure of the stress that it can take
when in use The ultimate strength is the measured stress at failure
but this is not normally used for design because safety factors are
required.
The normal way to define a safety factor is:
Stress at failure Ultimate stress
Safety factor=
Stress whenloaded Permissible stress
For shear loads the strain is defined as the angle This is measured in radians
shear displacement x
shear strain
width L
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Factor of Safety
The load which any member of a machine carries is called
working load, and stress produced by this load is the working
stress.
Obviously, the working stress must be less than the yield stress,
tensile strength or the ultimate stress.
This working stress is also called the permissible stress or the
allowable stress or the design stress.
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Shear stress and strain
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Cont.…
• Shear strain is the distortion produced by shear stress on an element or
rectangular block as above. The shear strain, (gamma) is given as:
= x/L = tan
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