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S8 Formation Damage

Formation damage refers to any process that reduces the permeability of hydrocarbon-bearing formations. It can occur during drilling, completion, stimulation, and production operations through processes like pore plugging, fines migration, emulsion blocking, and wettability alterations. Common causes include mud and filtrate invasion during drilling, cementing issues, fracturing fluid inadequacies, scale or paraffin deposition over time, and water or gas injection problems. Properly managing operations can help minimize detrimental formation damage effects on well productivity and recovery rates.

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10 views11 pages

S8 Formation Damage

Formation damage refers to any process that reduces the permeability of hydrocarbon-bearing formations. It can occur during drilling, completion, stimulation, and production operations through processes like pore plugging, fines migration, emulsion blocking, and wettability alterations. Common causes include mud and filtrate invasion during drilling, cementing issues, fracturing fluid inadequacies, scale or paraffin deposition over time, and water or gas injection problems. Properly managing operations can help minimize detrimental formation damage effects on well productivity and recovery rates.

Uploaded by

Areesha
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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FORMATION DAMAGE

• Formation damage is a term referring to the disability of the


permeability of petroleum bearing formations by adverse
processes.
• It is an undesirable operation & economic problem that can
occur during the various phases of oil & gas recovery including
production, drilling, hydraulic fracturing & work over
operation.
• In petroleum industry, it is said that “Formation damage is an
expensive headache to the oil & gas industry”.
• Formation damage is caused by physico-chemical, chemical,
biological & thermal interaction of porous formation & fluids
& mechanical deformation of formation under stress.
CAUSES OF FORMATION DAMAGE
• Damage during drilling
• Damage during casing and cementing
• Damage during completion
• Damage during well stimulation
• Damage during cleaning of paraffin solids from
tubing, casing, or wellbore
• Damage during well servicing or workover
• Damage during production phase
• Damage during water injection
• Damage during gas injection
Damage during drilling

• Mud solids may block pores, vugs, and


fractures.
• Mud filtrate invasion into oil or gas zones may
oil-wet the formation and cause water or
emulsion blocks.
• The filtrate may also cause the clays or other
fines to flocculate, disperse, swell, shrink, or
move and block the formation
• Pores of fractures near the wellbore may be
sealed by the trowelling action of the bit, drill
collars and drill pipe.
Damage during casing and cementing

• Cement solids may plug large pores, vugs, and


fractures.
• Chemical flushes ahead of cement may changes in
clays in the producing formation.
• Lost cement slurries may change producing
formation.
Damage during completion

a) Damage during perforation


b) Damage while running tubing and packer
c) Damage during production initiation
Damage during well stimulation

• Fracturing the formation with acid may shrink


the mud cake between the sand face and
cement, may effect much channel in the annulus
allowing vertical communication of unwanted
fluids.
• Acidizing sand stone with hydrofluoric acid may
leave insoluble precipitates in formation.
• Inadequate breakers, for high viscosity frac fluids
may cause blocking of propped fractures.
• Diverting agents may cause plugging.
Damage during cleaning of paraffin solids from tubing, casing, or wellbore

• During cleaning paraffin solids from a well with


hot oil or hot water, the formation and
perforations will be plugged unless the melted
paraffin is swabbed, pumped or flowed from the
well before the wax cools.
• While cutting paraffin solids from the tubing and
up the annulus, a portion of the scraped material
will be pumped into perforations and into pores
vugs or fractures adjacent the wellbore.
Damage during well servicing or workover

• While killing and circulating a well with mud or


unfiltered oil or water.
• Filtered invasion
• Emulsification
Damage during production phase
• Corrosion inhibitors, scale inhibitors, or
paraffin inhibitors may reduce permeability.
• Precipitated scale may plug the wellbore,
perforation, and formation.
• Asphalt may be deposited in high viscosity
asphaltic oil.
• Depleting or low pressure well may cause of
depositing paraffin solids
• screen or gravel packs may cause plugging
Damage during water injection

• Water causing oil wetting develops emulsion


adjacent the well bore.
Damage during gas injection

• Injected gas may carry mill scale , thread dope


and other solid and can plug perforation, vugs,
fractures and formation.
• Lubricating oil from compressors may cause
emulsion and plug.

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