ELECTRICAL
MATERIALS:
POWER
DISTRIBUTION AND
LUMINAIRE
AR. MARY MAE R. AMBRAY, UAP
INSTRUCTOR
RESIDENTIAL POWER DISTRIBUTION
Power distribution systems are used in every
residential, commercial buildings and industrial facilities to
safely control the distribution of electrical power throughout the
facility.
Most of us are familiar with the power distribution system found
in the average home. Power, purchased from a utility company,
enters the house through a metering device. The power is then
distributed from a load center to various branch circuits for
lighting, appliances, and electrical outlets.
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PANEL BOARDS
PANEL BOARDS
Panelboards are used to safely distribute electricity throughout
commercial and industrial facilities. A panelboard is a component of an
electrical distribution system which divides an electrical power feed into branch
circuits, while providing a protective circuit breaker or fuse for each circuit, in a
common enclosure. A panelboard services to protect branch circuits from
overloads and short circuits.
Power distribution systems used in commercial and industrial facilities are
often complex, but, like a residential load center, they are designed to safely
distribute power to devices and systems that perform useful functions. The
power provided to a commercial or industrial facility is much greater than that
provided to a home. This power must be divided and safely distributed to
various devices and systems with specific current and voltage requirements.
Where large amounts of power are handled, switchgear and/or switchboards are
used.
Fuse Boxes Main Breaker Panel
Transfer Switches
Sub Panel
CIRCUIT BREAKER
CIRCUIT BREAKER
A Circuit Breaker was first mentioned by Thomas Edison in his 1879
patent application. However, a group of Swiss companies Brown, Boveri &
Cie. patented the world’s first miniature circuit breaker (MCB) in
1924.Circuit breakers are now standard household equipment that protects
electrical systems from fire and overcurrent. This protective switchgear saves
lives, time, and money for power system maintenance. a type of mechanical
switchgear that automatically disconnects the circuit to protect the elements
of a power system from the damaging effects of overcurrent. In simple
words, a circuit breaker disconnects a circuit under faulty conditions by
interrupting the overcurrent flow and reconnects the circuit again when
conditions become normal.
A circuit breaker “makes” and “breaks” a circuit automatically under
faulty conditions such as a short circuit or overload. When the current value
becomes large enough to cross the predetermined value specified by the
manufacturer, the current is termed overcurrent. The circuit breaker
automatically senses the overcurrent and disconnects the circuit to break the
fault current flow and prevent damage such as fire.
LIGHTING
FIXTURES
(LUMINAIRES)
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LIGHTING FIXTURES (LUMINAIRES)
A luminaire is an electrical device used to create artificial light by use of an
electric lamp or integrated LED module, which primary function is to deliver light.
All light fixtures have a fixture body and a connection to the energy
supply. Lighting fixtures produce artificial light in industrial areas or workspaces.
They are electrical devices that hold one or more lamps and provide illumination.
Most are designed for use with fluorescent, halogen, incandescent, light-emitting
diode (LED), mercury, metal halide, sodium, or xenon lamps.
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TYPES OF LIGHTING FIXTURE
• RECESSED COVE LIGHTING FIXTURES
• INDIRECT PENDANT LIGHTING
• DIRECT/INDIRECT LIGHTING
• RECESSED LIGHTING FIXTURES
• WALL WASH LIGHT FIXTURES
• WALL SCONCE
• TASK LIGHTING
• UNDER CABINET LIGHT FIXTURES
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• RECESSED COVE LIGHTING FIXTURES
Cove lighting is a form of indirect lighting built into ledges, recesses, or valances
in a ceiling or high on the walls of a room. It directs light up towards the ceiling and
down adjacent walls. It may be used as primary lighting, or for aesthetic accent,
especially to highlight decorative ceilings. It is designed to accommodate concealed
lighting fixtures. The indirect lighting they provide can enhance the ambiance of a
space, create a warm and inviting atmosphere, and even contribute to energy efficiency
if LED lights are used.
It is one of the basic lighting techniques, a type of uplighting that directs light to the
ceiling plane from a cove on one or more sides of a room to provide overall diffuse
illumination. It is also referred to as ambient luminescence.
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• INDIRECT PENDANT LIGHTING
Indirect pendants hang from the ceiling and are usually suspended from cables.
The lamp is completely hidden from below and a reflector directs all of the light up
toward the ceiling. This type of fixture offers a softer and more even distribution of
light within the space. It is best used for general lighting and is not appropriate for task
lighting. The ceiling color should be light so that it reflects as much light as possible.
The technique of indirect lighting (sometimes called uplighting) uses one or more
fixtures to aim light onto the ceiling and upper walls, which act as reflectors and
distribute the light evenly throughout the room. Indirect lighting is a form of
ambient lighting. Indirect lighting minimizes shadows and reflected glare.
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• DIRECT/INDIRECT LIGHTING
Direct/Indirect fixtures can be fitted with either just an up- or
downlight distribution, or a combination of both; the uplight (indirect)
component can provide a softer ambient glow, while the downward
(direct) light provides a general level illumination for the work
plane. A direct / indirect pendant also hangs from the ceiling, but it directs
light up and down. These types of fixtures are used a lot in offices where
general lighting is required, but there is also a need for task lighting
immediately below the fixture. Direct / indirect fixtures are designed in
variations that distribute differing amounts of light up and down so that a
designer has control over the light distribution.
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• RECESSED LIGHTING FIXTURES
Recessed lights, also known as downlights or can lights, are a type of lighting fixture
installed into the ceiling or wall. They are designed to sit flush with the surface for a sleek
and polished finish. The housing and electrical wiring components are hidden, and the bulb
appears to glow from within the opening. Recessed lighting fixtures are those circular holes,
most commonly found in ceilings, that house an illumination source. Unlike chandeliers,
pendants or flush mount lamps, which are designed to be visible, recessed lamps provide
light without a visible fixture.
This style of lighting has a number of different applications in both residential and
commercial settings, and can be used for ambient, task and accent lighting. Because it’s sleek
and easy to conceal, recessed lighting is an ideal choice for areas with limited space for
hanging fixtures. It’s also a popular choice for closets, kitchens, living rooms, and—most
recently—outdoor lighting.
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ADVANTAGES OF RECESSED LIGHTING
Space-Saving: Recessed lights do not protrude from the ceiling or wall, making them ideal for rooms
with limited ceiling height or for areas where other fixtures might obstruct movement.
Aesthetics: The flush, unobtrusive design of recessed lights adds a touch of elegance and sophistication
to any space without drawing attention away from other decorative elements.
Task Lighting: Recessed lights with adjustable trims or directional features can be used for task
lighting, such as illuminating countertops in the kitchen or highlighting workspaces in offices.
The most significant difference between can lights and recessed lights is the installation method.
Can lights, in general, encompass a broader category that includes all lighting fixtures installed in a
canister-like housing. Recessed lights, on the other hand, are a specific type of can light that is installed
flush with the surface. When it comes to can vs canless recessed lighting, the former refers to the
traditional approach, where a metal canister, also known as housing, is installed within the ceiling to
hold the light fixture. While the canless recessed lighting eliminates the need for a separate housing by
integrating all components directly into the fixture
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• WALL WASH LIGHT FIXTURES
Wall washing is a lighting technique in which vertical, indirect lighting is placed in the ceiling
or floor at a wider distance from the wall. This way, the light can fall down on the wall in an equal,
uniform way. This provides a "washed" effect of the wall so that shadows and defects disappear from
the wall. The distance to be taken into account always depends on the wall washing profile and the
specific situation.
Another important aspect to take into account with wall washing is that the fixtures are attached
to the ceiling or floor at regular intervals. This distance determines the brightness of the surface. This
type of lighting fixtures is used to emphasize any wall or accented wall in a certain building. When
carefully designed, the illuminated wall can have a strong and clear impact on the room.
Wall washing can therefore also ensure that a certain object such as a painting is extra
accentuated on an empty wall and therefore catches the eye. Moreover, it is often used in
contemporary architecture to emphasize the size of a building. Wall washing can therefore be applied
both inside and outside the building
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• WALL SCONCE
The terms "wall light" and "wall sconce" are often used interchangeably to refer to a lamp mounted on a wall.
Technically, a wall light has a covered light source, usually glass, while a sconce does not. However, these
technical differences are not often considered in modern lighting design and manufacturing, where sconces and
wall lamps are often grouped together. These wall-mounted fixtures don't take up space on the ceiling or the floor,
and look more like part of your room's décor than light fixtures. While a chandelier can be the focal point of a
room's design and floor lamps can take up valuable floor space, wall sconces blend into the décor without taking
up space.
Contemporary wall lights come in various shapes, sizes, and makes. Here is a quick round-up of the most popular
and common types of wall sconces:
Flush mount wall light
Semi-flush mount wall light
Spotlight sconce
Armed sconce
Recessed light sconce
Lantern-type wall sconce
Half-moon sconce
Floodlight sconce
Wallchieres
Candle sconce
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Picture light
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• TASK LIGHTING
Task lighting is direct lighting used specifically for certain tasks, such as reading,
writing, cooking, sewing, or other intricate work. It is used to add visibility to a small
area, with light bright enough to illuminate small details, reduce strain on the eyes, and
avoid distracting shadows. Task lighting is a valuable lighting feature in any home.
From kitchens to workbenches and office spaces, task lighting plays a critical
role in making life easier. It illuminates the workspace, helping you see important
details. Task lighting is a generic description for lights that are used to illuminate
specific tasks or work that is being done. Task lights can be lamps, lights mounted to
desks, under cabinet lights, or any lighting that helps people see their work better.
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• UNDER CABINET LIGHT FIXTURES
Under cabinet lighting refers to the installation of lights beneath cabinetry. It is a
type of functional task lighting that is strategically placed above work surfaces where
you’re likely to prepare food or perform other everyday tasks, so that you can see
everything clearly. The lights can be mounted on the bottom of the upper cabinets,
specifically in the corners, to shine light across the kitchen counters. Another popular
application for under cabinet lighting is installation underneath the bottom cabinets,
which illuminates the space below so you can easily see walkways in the room.
Better Visibility
Under cabinet lighting offers direct illumination where it’s needed for everyday tasks.
When cooking, chopping food items or reading recipes, you need to have adequate
bright lighting to see what you’re doing. With under cabinet lights, you will avoid
shadows and dark spots on your counters.
Energy Efficiency
Most under cabinet lighting fixtures have energy efficient features that help
homeowners save on their electricity bills. LED bulbs, for instance, use significantly
less energy than their incandescent counterparts. Since cabinet lighting provides
targeted task lighting, you don’t have to rely as much on other lights in the room that
consume more energy. 26
Create Ambiance
Under cabinet lighting can give your kitchen an inviting glow that creates the ideal
backdrop for social gatherings for friends, family and entertainment. Installing dimmable
under cabinet lighting gives you the option to control the brightness level and color
temperature, and instantly change the mood of your entire space.
Enhance Your Aesthetics
Under cabinet lighting is no doubt an excellent way to enhance your kitchen’s aesthetics.
Depending on the style of lighting fixture you choose, you can complement your kitchen
design style. If you have a modern kitchen, sleek LED lights can create a minimalistic
feel and make your kitchen appear more spacious. Alternatively, if you have traditional
cabinetry, you can go for warm white under cabinet lights, adding cozy warmth to the
atmosphere.
Add Value to Your Home
Under cabinet lighting is a smart investment in your home, which is one reason
installation is such a popular lighting upgrade for a kitchen remodel. It’s a great way to
add value to your property, especially if you have plans to sell it in the future. When
prospective homebuyers walk into a kitchen with under cabinet lighting, they are
instantly drawn to it.
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THANK YOU!!!
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