BENGAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
PAPER NAME:- DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
PAPER CODE:- PCC-CS601
PRESENTED BY-
• ABIR SINHA (12100221007)
• SHRISTI JHA (12100221011)
• SRIJAN MITRA (12100221032)
• ARIJIT GHOSH (12100221042)
• SATYAPRIYO BISWAS (12100221043)
BENGAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
TOPIC-
DATA MODELS
WHAT IS A DATA
MODEL?
A Data Model in Database Management System (DBMS) is the concept of tools that
are developed to summarize the description of the database. Data Models provide us
with a transparent picture of data which helps us in creating an actual database. It
shows us from the design of the data to its proper implementation of data.
CONCEPTUAL DATA MODEL
The conceptual data model describes the
database at a very high level and is useful to
understand the needs or requirements of the
database. .
ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP
MODEL( ER MODEL)
It is a high-level data model which is used to define the data and the
relationships between them. It is basically a conceptual design of any database
which is easy to design the view of data.
COMPONENTS OF ER MODEL:
• Entity: An entity is referred to as a real-world object. These are represented
by a rectangle.
• Attributes: It can be defined as the description of the entity. These are
represented by Eclipse.
• Relationship: Relationships are used to define relations among different
entities. Diamonds and Rhombus are used to show Relationships.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A CONCEPTUAL DATA
• MODEL
Offers Organization-wide coverage of the business concepts.
• This type of Data Models are designed and developed for a business audience.
• The conceptual model is developed independently of hardware specifications
REPRESENTATIONAL DATA
This type of data model is usedMODEL
to represent only the logical part of the database and
does not represent the physical structure of the database. The representational data
model allows us to focus primarily, on the design part of the database.
RELATIONAL
MODEL
This is the most widely accepted data
model. In this model, the database is
represented as a collection of relations in
the form of rows and columns of a two-
dimensional table.
Each row is known as a tuple (a tuple contains all the data for an individual record) while
each column represents an attribute.
The above table shows a relation "STUDENT" with attributes such as Stu. Id, Name, and
Branch which consists of 4 records or tuples.
PHYSICAL DATA
MODEL
The physical Data Model is used to
practically implement Relational Data
Model. Ultimately, all data in a database
is stored physically on a secondary
storage device such as discs and tapes.
This is stored in the form of files,
records, and certain other data
structures.
Structured Query Language (SQL) is
used to practically implement Relational
Algebra
CHARACTERISTICS
• It describes data need for a single project or application though it maybe integrated
with other physical data models based on project scope.
• Data Model contains relationships between tables that which addresses cardinality
and nullability of the relationships.
• Developed for a specific version of a DBMS, location, data storage or technology to
be used in the project.
• Columns should have exact datatypes, lengths assigned and default values.
• Primary and Foreign keys, views, indexes, access profiles, and authorizations, etc. are
defined
OTHER DATA MODELS
• Hierarchical: It is one of the oldest models in the
data model which was developed by IBM, in the
1950s. In a hierarchical model, data are viewed as a
collection of tables, or we can say segments that
form a hierarchical relation.
2. Network: A network model is nothing but a
generalization of the hierarchical data model as this data
model allows many to many relationships therefore in
this model a record can also have more than one parent.
3. Object-Oriented Data model: As suggested by its
name, the object-oriented data model is a
combination of object-oriented programming and
relational data model. In this data model, the data
and their relationship are represented in a single
structure which is known as an object.
4. Float Data Model: The float data model
consists of a single two-dimensional array of
data elements.
ADVANTAGES OF DATA MODELS IN
• DBMSaccurately.
Data models ensure that the data is represented
• The relationship between the data is well-defined.
• Data Redundancy in DBMS can be minimized and missing data can be identified
easily.
• Last but not least, the security of the data is not compromised.
DISADVANTAGES OF DATA MODELS IN
DBMS
• The biggest disadvantage of the data model is, one must know the
characteristics of physical data to build a data model.
• Sometimes in big databases, it is quite difficult to understand the data model
also the cost incurred is very high.
CONCLUSION
• Data modeling is the process of developing data model for the data to be stored in a
Database.
• Data Models ensure consistency in naming conventions, default values, semantics,
security while ensuring quality of the data.
• Data Model structure helps to define the relational tables, primary and foreign keys
and stored procedures.
• There are three types of conceptual, logical, and physical.
• The main aim of conceptual model is to establish the entities, their attributes, and
their relationships.
• Logical data model defines the structure of the data elements and set the
relationships between them.
THANK YOU
