SITEPLANNING & LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
CHAPTER 4
SOCIAL & PSYCHOLOGICAL
SITE CONSIDERATION
AR. MARCELINO ENALAS DUMPA, ASST PROF
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of this topic, the student will be
able to;
1. learn the social benefits provided in site
planning for increasing ecological literacy.
2. to understand the perception on various
forms suitable for recreation and leisure
time.
3. to know the responses to address the social
context, needs and feelings of the
community.
INTRODUCTION:
SOCIAL BENEFITS
• The criteria for any 1. Enhances neighborhood aesthetics
development, facilities and community character
and area uses, assumed a 2. Preserves cultural and natural site
great deal about man’s histories - genius loci or sense of
place
nature.
3. Encourages community-based
planning Increases ecological
• Social and psychological literacy – the understanding and
appreciation of natural processes
theory may present in
such as;
making form development
a. seasonal changes,
ff.; b. interaction of plants and
a. constraints or wildlife, and
b. positive direction. c. rainwater flows
Neighborhood Community
Natural & Cultural
Site Preservation
Panglao Oasis , Panglao Vigan City
Bohol Philippines Ecological Literacy
4.0. SITE VALUES /
SOCIAL IMPACT:
• Understanding the Three (3) Behavioral Aspect of
behavior and perception Environment
suitable for various forms 1. Observation
of recreation and leisure 2. Direct Consultation w/
time. Community based on the
• Aspects for getting away ff.;
from City pressures and the a. Age
need for physical exercise.
b. Socio-Economic Status
• Playgrounds responsive to
3. Familiarity with Behavior
the social context, needs,
and Perception Principles.
urge and feelings of youth
and young children.
4.1 Low Impact Site Design Practices
Design that protect and Site Planning and Design
Concepts:
preserve natural
1. preserve natural areas and
resources, it uses minimize land disturbance
planning techniques that 2. protect and incorporate natural
systems (wetlands,
are intended to conserve stream/wildlife corridors,
the natural systems and mature forests, native
hydrologic functions of a vegetation) into site plans
3. design new landscape elements
site. to mimic natural systems
4. use creative lot layouts and
roadway configurations to
preserve natural features.
PROTECT AND PRESERVE NATURAL
RESOURCES
a. minimize effective impervious surface area.
b. retain on-site native soil and vegetation, allowing them
to soak up storm water.
c. minimize soil compaction.
d. orient lots and buildings to maximize on-lot infiltration or
open conveyance through swales or rain gardens to
downstream storm water facilities.
e. locate lots adjacent to or with views of natural areas to
improve aesthetics and privacy.
f. design swales and rain gardens as visual features.
g. retain buffers along streams and rivers.
an alternative site design strategy that uses natural and engineered infiltration and
storage techniques to control storm water where it is generated.
• LID combines conservation practices with distributed storm water source controls
and pollution prevention to maintain or restore watershed functions.
• The objective is to disperse LID devices uniformly across a site to minimize runoff.
LOW IMPACT SITE DESIGN
Step 1:
Site Inventory and Assessment
• inventory and assess • Also assess adjacent
natural features on the off-site conditions to
site, including topography, identify valuable
soils, vegetation and wildlife corridors to
water features.
preserve.
• Identify how storm water
moves through the site
prior to development as
well as significant
vegetation that could be
retained.
Step 2:
PRELIMINARY SITE PLAN
• Use the findings of step • Walk the property with the
one to establish limits of owner, engineers,
disturbance to impact landscape architects and
only the areas required others directing the
project’s design to identify
for roads, utilities,
problems, concerns and
building pads, landscape
priorities that need to be
areas and the smallest considered when
additional area needed developing the site plan.
to maneuver equipment. • Set project goals and
• Map natural resource objectives with the entire
protection areas. team.
Step 3:
SITE PLANNING, DESIGN AND LAYOUT
• Working collaboratively with the d. use small building footprints and
entire design team and using the narrow streets for highly compact
development (homes close to the road
results of steps one and two will with short driveways)
produce the best design. e. amend native disturbed soils with
• In addition, Techniques to achieve organic matter to regain storm water
low impact site design include: storage capacity.
f. detain and infiltrate storm water with
a. configure roads and lots to
many small, decentralized storm water
minimize grading facilities
b. minimize individual lot size so g. set valuable natural resource areas
that housing is clustered and aside permanently through voluntary
open space preserved land preservation easements with clear
management guidelines
c. minimize setbacks or using
h. avoid soil compaction in and around
zero lot-line setbacks to storm water facilities by heavy
increase side yard areas machinery and temporary storage of
materials.
MINIMIZE SITE DISTURBANCE
TECHNIQUES:
Significant challenges
within the development
process;
• protect native soil and
vegetation to retain
hydrologic function
during the clearing and
grading phase.
1. Minimize Erosion & Sedimentation
• Activities and equipment • Follow established
used to clear or grade sites erosion and sediment
tend to expose and
control principles
compact underlying subsoil,
producing a site with regarding sequencing,
different hydrologic fencing protected
characteristics. areas, stockpiling
• Increase of soil erosion topsoil for re-use and
from clearing, grading and making inspections.
other construction activities
can significantly affect
downstream water bodies.
2. Retain Natural Topographic Features
• Design sites efficiently
to slow and store
runoff.
• Create specific storm
water requirements
based on how many
square feet of hard
surface (e.g.,
impervious surface,
permeable pavement).
3. Efficient Layouts and Cluster
Design
• Access to the construction area is limited to
one route if feasible and is located where
future roads and utilities will be placed.
• Sequence construction during the dry season
and minimize exposed soils at any one time.
• Heavy construction activity by late fall will
also allow planting to occur for establishing
vegetation.
4. Construction Phases and Staging
• Design to reduce • For smaller projects,
equipment activity and many activities can be
potential damage to soil completed with mini-
and vegetation. track loaders (e.g.,
• Use equipment that has the Bobcats) that are more
least ground pressure to precise, require less area
accomplish tasks.
to operate, exert less
• A majority of the total soil
contact pressure than
compaction (70 to 90
equipment with deep
percent) can occur in the
first pass with such lugged tires and have
equipment. lower total axle weight.
5. Timing
• May also be important
to avoid impacts to
ground-nesting birds.
• Check with your local
Department of Fish and
Wildlife representative.
Site Design
4.1. BEHAVIOR SETTINGS:
Site Design attempts for physical and
psychological comfort.;
A. BEHAVIOR - complex interaction between
variables;
Two (2) process of Interaction • Surrounding Environment.
• Individual inner condition.
between human behavior and B. HUMAN FACTOR
non-human environment. • Three (3) Categories of Human Factors;
a. Physical
a. Definite impact on • Average measurements, postures, movement and
growth results.
individual. • Example: Door allow easy passing.
• Seats, right level and inclination.
b. Response to adapted b. Psychological
condition. • Psychological and social needs, behavior pattern
and tendencies.
c. Physiological
• Inner biological condition with the surrounding
environment.
• Example; People needs water, food, air, exercise
and protection
4.2. ENVIRONMENT, PERCEPTION
BEHAVIOR:
Four (4) Interactions to Physical
Environment;
The interaction a. Its effect to Individual
b. As perceived by individual.
with the c. Situational Behavior (Social
& Physical)
individual w/ the • Furniture Arrangement.
• No Privacy.
surrounding d. Places with assumed
meaning;
physical • Church
environment. • Library
• Others
4.3 CULTURAL & HISTORICAL
SIGNIFICANCE:
4. Socio-Economic
1. Existing Land Use (Zoning)
• Pattern of existing land use both Factors
public or semi-public, residential, • Effects on community
commercial that denotes overall facilities and services.
development trends.
• Business and other
2. Existing Building
physical barriers
• Study use and facilities.
• Size / Floor Area
affecting property
• Drainage values.
• Architectural Expression (Type, Color,
Façade, texture and materials.)
5. Demographic Factors
3. History
• Population based on land
• Artifacts
use planning decisions.
• Heritage Preservation • Local market trends.
4.4. ACTIVITY & COMMUNITY
LINKAGES:
Site location study and the 1. Movement of People, Goods,
relation to adjacent Communication or Amenities;
properties, all existing ties or • Parkways
Linkages involving the ff.; • Pedestrian underpass /
overpass.
Four (4) Site Linkages
2. Community Facilities
1. People’s Movement (inventory for future
2. Community Facilities development)
3. Communication System • Shopping Centers,
Employment Hubs,
4. Vehicular Networks
Residential Areas, Church,
Schools, Parks and
Playground
1
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enjoyable if you do it right. So in the spirit sharing good
MOVEMENT
vibes and exploiting the super cheap gas prices, here
are your best Boston parkways.
PEOPLE’S
2
SHOPPING CENTER
SCHOOLS
COMMUNITY
FACILITIES
PARK & PLAYGROUND
CHURCH
4. Vehicular Networks
• Inventory of vehicular networks
includes;
3. Communication System – Traffic and transit origin and
destination.
• For maximum – Transport system, location
coordination and socio- and routes
economic benefits. – Traffic volume / Flight
• People movement and frequency
Freight (cargo) – Airport location (noise and
building ht. restrictions)
• Material transport and
– Density for social and legal
pipelines. elements;
• Power cable transmission. • No. of Families
• Dwelling Units/hectare
• Floor/ Area Ratio
• Influence Privacy.
3
COMMUNICATION
PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT
POWER TRANSMISSION
SYSTEM
FREIGHT CARGO MOVEMENT TELEPHONE BOOTHS
4
TRANSPORT SYSTEM ROUTE
AIRPORT NOISE POLLUTION
VEHICULAR
NETWORK
TRAFFIC VOLUME
DWELLING /HECTARE
4.6 PERTINENT LAWS
A. REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9053
AN ACT REGULATING THE PRACTICE OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE IN
THE PHILIPPINES, APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFORE AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES.
Sec. 2. Definition of Terms. –
• (a) "Scope of the Practice of Landscape Architecture" refers to the act of planning,
designing, specifying, supervising and giving general administration and responsible
direction to the functional, orderly and aesthetic arrangement, changing and
development of natural scenery and land areas to produce the most desirable effect for
human use and enjoyment of various outdoor spaces which consist of landscape
components and the soft scape of plants such as gardens, sports fields, playgrounds,
recreational grounds, camping sites, resorts, national and public parks, historical parks,
squares, memorial parks, subdivisions, parks and parkways, zoological and botanical
gardens, greenbelts, cemeteries, plazas, patios, yards, outdoor shopping and pedestrian
malls, promenades, sidewalks, roads and walkway systems, traffic islands, easements and
circles, roof and open interior gardens and courts, and other open spaces; the protection,
conservation and rehabilitation of the natural environment and scenery to enhance the
ecological system and quality of life.
B. REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7586;
AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF
NATIONAL INTEGRATED PROTECTED AREAS SYSTEM, DEFINING ITS SCOPE AND
COVERAGE, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
• It is hereby recognized that these areas, although distinct in features, posses common
ecological values that may be incorporated into a holistic plan representative of our
natural heritage; that effective administration of this area is possible only through
cooperation among national government, local government and concerned private
organizations; that the use and enjoyment of these protected areas must be
consistent with the principles of biological diversity and sustainable development.
• To this end, there is hereby established a National Integrated Protected Areas System
(NIPAS), which shall encompass outstandingly remarkable areas and biologically
important public lands that are habitats of rare and endangered species of plants and
animals, biogeographic zones and related ecosystems, whether terrestrial, wetland or
marine, all of which shall be designated as “protected areas”.
SECTION 3. CATEGORIES
– The following categories of protected areas are hereby
established:
a. Strict nature reserve;
b. Natural park;
c. Natural monument;
d. Wildlife sanctuary;
e. Protected landscapes and seascapes;
f. Resource reserve;
g. Natural biotic areas; and
h. Other categories established by law, conventions or
international agreements which the Philippine
Government is a signatory.
SECTION 12 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT(EIA)
• Proposals for activities outside the scope of the management
plan for protected areas shall be subject to an environmental
impact assessment as required by law before they are adopted,
and the results shall be taken into consideration in the
decision-making process.
• No actual implementation of activities allowed without the
required Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) under the
Philippine Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) system.
• In instances such activities are allowed to be undertaken, the
proponent shall plan and carry them out in such manner as will
minimize any adverse effects and take preventive and remedial
action when appropriate, liable for any damage due to lack of
caution or indiscretion.
C. RA 6969- TOXIC SUBSTANCE & HAZARDOUS
NUCLEAR WASTE ACT.
D. RA 9275 - ACT TO PROVIDE
COMPREHENSIVE WATER QUALITY
MANAGEMENT AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES.
E. RA 9729- ACT TO MAINSTREAM CLIMATIC
CHANGE INTO GOVERNMENT POLICY
FORMULATION STRATEGY AND
PROGRAM OF CLIMATE CHANGE.
4.6.1 LOCAL GOVERNMENT
ORDINANCES
LAND USE AND ZONING
• HLURB Board of Commissioner, Resolution
No. 798, Series of 2006, Approving the
Comprehensive Land Use Plan and Zoning of
Cagayan de Oro City.
REFERENCE
• Landuse and Landscape Planning
by Derek Lovejoy
CHAPTER 4
SOCIAL & PSYCHOLOGICAL SITE
CONSIDERATION
THE END
