VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 01
BELAGAVI, KARNATAKA- 590018
HKES SLN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
RAICHUR – 584135
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
TECHNICAL SEMINAR
PRESENTED BY : IQRA RANA
USN : 3SL19CV011
COORDINATOR
UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF
Prof.SUBHASH PATlL
Prof.AMARESH.C
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT PRINCIPAL
Prof. SHANKAR GOWDA PATIL Dr R.BASAVARAJ
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BRIDGES FOR CHANGING
CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
-Iqra Rana
(3SL19CV011)
TECHNICAL SEMINAR
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TaBLE OF CONTENTS 03
INTRODUCTION
BRIDGES
CLIMATE- CHANGE IMPOSED RISKS ON BRIDGES
CASE STUDY
CONCLUSION
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Introduction
The climate is changing, with the passage of time it has becomes more evident
that significant climate changes are occurring.
In addition to the overabundance of observational evidence of these changes,
there are also numerous model projections which consistently indicate that the
climate system is changing at a remarkable rate.
The climate change may prompt unforeseen impacts or increase currently existing
ones for various sectors of our societies, one of these is sectors is the
infrastructure.
Bridges are a part of the infrastructure that have a substantially long service life.
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BRIDGES:
Bridge is structure that provides passage over obstacles such as river,
valleys or rough terrain.
TYPES
1.Beam Bridge
Simplest form
Is the first type of bridge ever built.
It’s still the cheapest to build.
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2. Arch Bridge 3.Cantilever Bridge
Cantilever bridge uses a pillar anchored vertically into the
ground for support.
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4. Suspension Bridge 5. Truss Bridge
Suspension bridges are just what their name sounds like:
They’re stabilized with vertical pillars connected by suspension cables.
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Climate-change imposed risks on bridges 08
Climate change has multifaceted impacts on the
safety and performance of infrastructures.
Bridges are particularly vulnerable according to a
research article on climate impacts on bridges and
its possible climate adaptation.
1.Accelerated material degradation
Caused due to higher temperatures, increased
precipitation, humidity, and higher carbon
concentrations in the atmosphere,
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2. Higher flood levels and more frequent flooding 09
Floods have always been a cause of concern for the safety
of infrastructure, including bridges.
Studies suggest that a significant increase in the risk of
flood is expected in the future.
Sea level rise, caused mainly by the higher temperatures
and thermal expansion of ocean water, and increase in
precipitation contribute to an increased flooding risk.
3. Damage to pavements and railways from
heatwaves and increasing frequency and intensity of
rainfalls. Heatwaves can cause lateral buckling of
railroad tracks;
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Table 1 represents the potential climate change impacts, namely
accelerated degradation of material and change of climate
parameters affecting them.
Accelerated degradation of material
P↑ Higher precipitation
T↑ Higher temperature
CC↑ Higher carbon concentration
RH↑ Increase in relative humidity
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. Climate change risks on bridges
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Potential impact Adaptation
Increase in concrete cover thickness, improve
Accelerated quality of concrete (grade) protective surface
degradation of coatings and barriers, use of stainless steel,
material galvanized reinforcement, corrosion inhibitors,
Protection by design, preservative treatment and
the use of modified wood for timber bridges. More
frequent inspection and maintenance
Use of polymer modified binders, More frequent
Heat-induced maintenance. More expansion joints in pavements
damage to and rails Introducing speed restrictions .
pavements and
rails
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Floods Relocation or flood-proofing, Flood control seawalls,
Elevation of bridges, strengthening and heightening
of existing levees, increase in real- time monitoring
of flood levels, increase insurance rates, Channel
alteration and stabilization, diversion and storage of
floodwaters, Regulate the flow of water through
dams
Foundation Relocate facilities to more stable ground,
settelment Replacement of ice-rich soils with gravel
Clay shrinkage and Wet compaction and lime stabilization (Kasangaki &
swelling Towhata, 2009);
Geofiber reinforcement
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Climate Adaptation techniques
After the risks were identified the study came up with the adaptation
techniques which includes:
Updating codes and standards to accommodating the changing
climate;
Restrictive land-use planning through increased insurance rates in
the hazardous coastal zone
Development of more climate-resistant materials and technologies,
among many others mentioned in the study.
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Case study:
The Collapse of Jahu Bridge (Himachal Pradesh):
.
LOCATION: The bridge was located at distance of 460 km from New
Delhi
The site of bridge is at very critical point where two rivers i.e.
Seerkhadd and Jabothi khadd meets each other.
During summer these rivers have very low water level. The main
source of water is only rain, which fed these rivers during Monsoon.
is an important link road which serves and connect three districts
Mandi, Bilaspur and Hamirpur.
This Point is considered as the center of Himachal Pradesh
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The site includes clay and loose rocky strata with boulder 16
deposits.
COLLAPSE: On August 11, 2007 & August 12, 2007 due
to heavy rain the concrete bridge got collapsed
Then with in two year government constructed a new bridge
over the site.
But on August 14th , 2014 the steel bridge also got collapsed
due to soil erosion from foundation.
This study is important because bridge collapsed two times due
to same reason i.e. scouring of foundation.
Local scour around the bridge abutment is one of the most
critical causes of bridge failure.
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Bridge description
Bridge type Concrete bridge
(arch type)
Span 56.30m
Damaged Portion of bridge 30.72m
Total damaged portion with 92m
surrounding
Construction era 1961-1966
Foundation Shallow foundation
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Failure cause of arch bridge:
Scouring of foundation is considered primary causes of failure as it
occupies around 60% of total bridge failure together with other
hydraulic causes.
This bridge collapsed mainly due to scouring of soil below the
foundation.
Scouring of foundation can occur all over the year, it reaches peak
when flood comes in water body over which a bridge is spanning.
History of bridge failure indicates scouring of streambed around
abutments and piers of bridge, led to maximum bridge failures.
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Conclusion
Use of modern techniques:- use of wireless and remote sensors enables the
movements of bridges to be monitored around the clock.
This is most desirable in flood situations.
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Modern sensors, when installed on scour critical bridges, minimize
the possibility of sudden collapse and serve as a warning for a
bridge to be closed.
Depth of foundation is not only preferred according to design some time
according to location it may vary.
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Future directions in bridge engineering 21
1. Smart bridges
Using Internet of Things(IoT) technology to monitor and sense
structural conditions on bridges in realtime and provide early warning
of problems
2.Green bridges
Designing bridges that incorporate green infrastructure like vegetation
and soil to reduce impacts on the local environment and provide
additional benefits like air quality improvement.
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THANK YOU
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