Chapter 6
Ethiopian financial markets and institutions
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Chapter contents
Ethiopian financial markets
Ethiopian financial institutions
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6.1 Ethiopian financial markets
Money markets
is where short term securities are
traded
securities traded in this market include
government treasury bills
time deposits
interbank loans
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6.1 Ethiopian financial markets
Government treasury bills
are debt instruments issued by the federal
government.
have maturities of 28 days,91 days and 182 days
are sold at a discount through non-competitive
auction
banks and non-bank firms participate in the treasury
bill market
non-bank firms include insurance companies, social
security agency, corporations and the like
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6.1 Ethiopian financial markets
Time deposits (CDs)
issued by commercial banks
investors include other banks, non-bank
financial institutions, private corporations,
public enterprises, and retail customers
time deposits are kept with varying maturities
of a few months to more than 2 years
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6.1 Ethiopian financial markets
Interbank loan Market
• commercial banks borrow from each
other
it began operation in September 1998
since then a total of Large amount of
interbank loan has been extended
the Large amount of interbank loan
was made in 2003 by the amount of
Br 93.43mill
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6.1 Ethiopian financial markets
Interbank loan…
term of interbank loan ranges from
overnight to 5 years
Interest on interbank loan ranges
between 7% to 11%.
Lenders included CBE, AIB, BoA, and
NIB
Borrowers included NIB, Wegagen and
Awash
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6.1 Ethiopian financial markets
Interbank loan lenders by aggregate loan size
Bank of Abyssinia
Awash International Bank
Commercial Bank of Ethiopia
Nib International Bank
0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000
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6.1 Ethiopian financial markets
Interbank loan borrowers by aggregate loan size
Nib International bank
Wegagen bank
Awash international bank
0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 140000 160000
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6.1 Ethiopian financial markets
Capital Markets
Why Capital Markets?
Enhanced saving mobilization
Help in resource allocation
Promote efficient financial system
Help term transformation and improve
capital structure
Allow de-concentration of ownership
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6.1 Ethiopian financial markets
Capital markets
Why Capital Markets?...
Improve accounting and auditing
standards
Attract Foreign Direct
Investment(FDI)
Provide effective tools for monetary
and fiscal policy
Help privatization efforts
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6.1 Ethiopian financial markets
Capital markets…
Ethiopia had a securities market in the 1960s
and 70s. The market was closed because of
change of policy in 1974.
no capital market in Ethiopia
• despite an intense pressure from
entrepreneurs, academicians and
international financial institutions such as
IMF, and now a day the Ethiopian
government have a plan to establish capital
markets in the country. but capital market
instruments are offered to investors
informally. Eg. Stocks and bonds 12
6.1 Ethiopian financial markets
Bonds
are issued by public enterprises(EEPCO and
Ethio Telecom), state/regional
governments, and development bank of
Ethiopia(DBE)
E.g. during 2009/10 bonds by the total
amount of Br10.86bill were issued of
which nearly half is by EEPCO Value of
bonds outstanding by June 2010
totaled Br 27.72bill
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6.1 Ethiopian financial markets
Amount of bonds issued in 2009/10 by
issuer type
Private sector
Development
Bank of Ethiopia
EEPCO
Regional
governments
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6.1 Ethiopian financial markets
Value of bonds outstanding by June 2010
Private sector
0%
Development Bank of
Ethiopia
15%
Regional governments
25% Public enterprises
60%
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6.1 Ethiopian financial markets
Stocks
Despite absence of capital markets,
financial institutions and
corporations issue their stocks to the
general public.
Due to absence of a secondary
market, investors seek the help of
the original issuers when they want
to sell their stocks
Stocks of banks are highly demanded
than non-bank financial institutions,
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6.1 Ethiopian financial markets
Mortgages
mortgage loans are extended mostly
by construction and business
bank(CBB).
the bank does not have many options
other than keeping the mortgage
loans until maturity
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6.2 Ethiopian financial institutions
Formal financial institutions
Relative size of financial institutions by capital
MFI
Insurance 15%
4%
Banks
81%
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6.2 Ethiopian financial institutions
Formal financial institutions
Currently there are 16 commercial banks and one Development bank
, 15 insurance companies and 33 Micro finance institutions are
found in the financial system of the country.
Banks
State owned Vs private
Currently, there are 17 banks, of which
15were private while 2 are state owned
Banks.
Banks account for more than 81% of capital
of financial institutions in the country
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6.2 Ethiopian financial institutions
Formal financial institutions
Banks(Brief History)
Bank of Abyssinia established in 1905
BoA was dissolved in 1931 and Bank of Ethiopia was set up
Many private banks were established after the Italians left
State Bank of Ethiopia was founded in 1943 and splitted into NBE and
CBE in 1963
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6.2 Ethiopian financial institutions
Formal financial institutions
Banks(Brief History)…
The Agricultural and Industrial Development
Bank (AIDB) was established in 1970 and
the Housing and Saving Bank(HSB) in 1975.
Many private banks and insurance
companies were operating in the financial
industry before the 1974 revolution.
The derg nationalized all private banks
merging them with CBE, and all private
insurance companies with EIC
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6.2 Ethiopian financial institutions
Formal financial institutions
Banks(Brief History)
The banks were used as instruments in exercising socialist economic
policy
The 1994 banking reform reopened the financial industry to
private investors
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6.2 Ethiopian financial institutions
Formal financial institutions
Micro-finance institutions
There are around 33 MFIs now a day. The ff. are the five largest
MFIs; namely
Amhara
Dedebit
Oromia
Omo
Addis Credit and Savings Institutions
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6.2 Ethiopian financial institutions
Semi-formal financial institutions
Employee Credit & Saving Associations
are supervised NOT by the NBE, but by Federal Cooperatives agency
Attract deposits
Extend consumer loans
Invest in shares of companies and run businesses of their own
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6.2 Ethiopian financial institutions
Informal financial institutions
Iqqub
are variants of Rotating Saving and Credit Associations(ROSCAS)
Established within family and friendship groups
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End of Chapter 6
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